Cui Y et al. The efficacy and safety of mirabegron in treating OAB: a systematic review and meta-analysis of
phase III trials. Int Urol Nephrol. 2014;46(1):275–284.
Chapple CR et al. Mirabegron 50 mg once-daily for the treatment of symptoms of overactive bladder: an
overview of efficacy and tolerability over 12 weeks and 1 year. Int J Urol. 2014;21(10):960–967.
Myrbetriq [product information]. Northbrook, IL; Astellas Pharma; 2014.
Sink KM et al. Dual use of bladder anticholinergics and cholinesterase inhibitors: long-term functional and
cognitive outcomes. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56:847.
Castleden CM et al. Imipramine—a possible alternative to current therapy for urinary incontinence in the elderly.
J Urol. 1981;125:318.
Hollister LE. Current antidepressants. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1986;26:23.
Levin RM et al. Analysis of the anticholinergic and musculotropic effects of desmethylimipramine on the rabbit
urinary bladder. Urol Res. 1983;11:259.
Wein AJ, Barrett DM. Peripheral innervation of the lower urinary tract. In: Marshall DK, ed. Voiding Function
and Dysfunction: A Logical and Practical Approach. Chicago, IL: Year Book Medical Publishers; 1988.
Mariappan P et al. Duloxetine, a serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) for the treatment of stress
urinary incontinence: a systematic review. Eur Urol. 2007;51:67.
Gibson A. The influence of endocrine hormones on the autonomic nervous system. J Auton Pharmacol.
1981;1:331.
Batra SC, Iosif CS. Female urethra: a target for estrogen action. J Urol. 1983;129:418.
Lepor H, Theune C. Randomized double-blind study comparing the efficacy of terazosin versus placebo in women
with prostatism-like symptoms. J Urol. 1995;154:116.
Hajebrahimi S et al. Effect of tamsulosin versus prazosin on clinical and urodynamic parameters in women with
voiding difficulty: a randomized clinical trial. Int J Gen Med. 2011;4:35.
Walsh PC. Benign prostatic hyperplasia. In: Walsh PC et al, eds. Campbell’s Textbook of Urology. 5th ed. Vol.
2. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 1986:1248.
Strandberg JD. Comparative pathology of benign prostatic hypertrophy. In: Lepor H, Lawson RK, eds. Prostatic
Diseases. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 1993:399.
Berry SJ et al. The development of human benign prostatic hyperplasia with age. J Urol. 1984;132:474.
Narayan P. Neoplasms of the prostate. In: Tanagho E, McAninch J, eds. Smith’s General Urology. 13th ed. East
Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Lange; 1992:165.
Greenwald P et al. Cancer of the prostate among men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Natl Cancer Inst.
1974;53:335.
Takahashi S et al. Latent prostatic carcinomas found at autopsy in men over 90 years old. Jpn J Clin Oncol.
1992;22:117.
Issacs JT, Coffey DS. Etiology and disease process of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate Suppl. 1989;2:33.
Lepor H. Medical therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology. 1993;42:483.
Bartsch G et al. Dihydrotestosterone and the concept of 5α-reductase inhibition in human benign hyperplasia. Eur
Urol. 2000;37:367.
Hiramatsu M et al. Immunolocalization of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in prostatic hyperplasia and
carcinoma. Histopathology. 1996;28:163.
Boyarsky S et al. A new look at bladder neck obstruction by the Food and Drug Administration regulators:
guidelines for the investigation of benign prostatic hypertrophy. Trans Am Assoc Genitourin Surg. 1977;68:29.
Barry MJ et al. The American Urological Association symptom index for benign prostatic hyperplasia. The
Measurement Committee of the American Urological Association. J Urol. 1992;148:1549.
Lepor H, Machi G. Comparison of AUA symptom index in unselected males and females between fifty-five and
seventy-nine years of age. Urology. 1993;42:36.
Litwin MS et al. The National Institutes of Health chronic prostatitis symptom index: development and validation
of a new outcome measure. Chronic Prostatitis Collaborative Research Network. J Urol. 1999;162:369.
DuBeau CE, Resnick NM. Controversies in the diagnosis and management of benign prostatic hypertrophy. Adv
Intern Med. 1992;37:55.
Dalkin BL et al. Prostate specific antigen levels in men older than 50 years without clinical evidence of prostatic
carcinoma. J Urol. 1993;150:1837.
Reissigl A et al. Comparison of different prostate-specific antigen cutpoints for early detection of prostate cancer:
results of a large screening study. Urology. 1995;46:662.
Borer JG et al. Age specific prostate-specific antigen reference ranges: population specific. J Urol. 1998;159:444.
Slovacek KJ et al. Use of age-specific normal ranges for serum prostate-specific antigen. Arch Pathol Lab Med.
1998;122:330.
Richardson TD, Oesterling JE. Age-specific reference ranges for serum prostate-specific antigen. Urol Clin
North Am. 1997;24:339.
Ravel R. Laboratory aspects of cancer. In: Ravel R, ed. Clinical Laboratory Medicine: Clinical Applications of
Laboratory Data. 6th ed. St Louis, MO: CV Mosby; 1995:555.
Fulton B et al. Doxazosin: an update of its clinical pharmacology and therapeutic applications in hypertension and
benign hyperplasia [published corrections appear in Drugs. 1995;49:554; Drugs. 1995;50:559]. Drugs.
1995;49:295.
Kyprianou N. Doxazosin and terazosin suppress prostate growth by inducing apoptosis: clinical significance. J
Urol. 2003;169:1520.
Pool JL. Doxazosin: a new approach to hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Br J Clin Pract.
1996;50:154.
Chapple CR et al. Tamsulosin, the first prostate-selective alpha-1A-adenoceptor antagonist. A meta-analysis of
two randomized, placebo-controlled, multicentre studies inpatients with benign prostatic obstruction
(symptomatic BPH). European Tamsulosin Study Group. Eur Urol. 1996;29:155.
Murayama K et al. Clinical evaluation of tamsulosin hydrochloride on bladder outlet obstruction associated with
benign prostatic hyperplasia; effect on urethral pressure profile and cystometrogram [in Japanese]. Hinyokika
Kiyo. 1997;43:799.
Kamimura H et al. Identification of cytochrome P450 involved in metabolism of the alpha1-adrenoceptor blocker
tamsulosin in human liver microsomes. Xenobiotica. 1998;28:909.
Wolzt M et al. Pharmacokinetics of tamsulosin in subjects with normal and varying degrees of impaired renal
function: an open-labelsingle-dose and multiple-dose study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1998;54:367.
Hellstrom WJ, Sikka SC. Effects of acute treatment with tamsulosin versus alfuzosin on ejaculatory function in
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
normal volunteers. J Urol. 2006;176(4, pt 1):1529–1533.
Narayan P. Tamsulosin: the United States trials. Geriatrics. 1998;53(Suppl 2):S29.
Murata S et al. Tissue selectivity of KMD-3213, an alpha(1)adrenoreceptor antagonist, in human prostate and
vasculature. J Urol. 2000;164:578.
Yu HJ et al. Non-inferiority of silodosin to tamsulosin in treating patients with lower urinary tract symptoms
(LUTS) associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). BJU Int. 2011;108(11):1843–1848.
Marks LS et al. Rapid efficacy of the highly selective alpha1A-adrenoceptor antagonist silodosin in men with
signs and symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia: pooled results of 2 phase 3 studies. J Urol.
2009;181(6):2634.
Isaacs JT et al. Changes in the metabolism of dihydrotestosterone in the hyperplastic human prostate. J Clin
Endocrinol Metab. 1983;56:139.
Matzkin H, Braf Z. Endocrine treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy: current concepts. Urology. 1991;37:1.
Wilson JP. The pathogenesis of benignprostatichyperplasia. Am J Med. 1980;68:745.
Bartsh W et al. Hormone blood levels and their interrelationships in normal men and men with benign prostatic
hypertrophy (BPH). Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1979;90:727.
Ghanadian R et al. Serum dihydrotestosterone in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. Br J Urol.
1977;49:541.
Siiteri PK, Wilson JD. Dihydrotestosterone in prostatic hypertrophy. I. The formation and content of
dihydrotestosterone in the hypertrophic prostate of man. J Clin Invest. 1970;49:1737.
Bruchovsky N, Lieskovsky G. Increased ration of 5 alphareductase: 3 alpha (beta)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
activities in the hyperplastic human prostate. J Endocrinol. 1979;80:289.
Habenicht UF et al. Development of a model for the induction of estrogen-related prostatic hyperplasia in the dog
and its response to the aromatase inhibitor 4-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione: preliminary results. Prostate.
1986;8:181.
Geller J, Albert JD. BPH and prostate cancer: results of hormonal manipulation. In: Bruchovsky N et al, eds.
Regulation of Androgen Action. Berlin, Germany: Conrgessdruck R. Bruckner; 1985:37.
Charisiri N, Pierrepoint CG. Examination of the distribution of oestrogen receptor between the stromal and
epithelial compartments of the canine prostate. Prostate. 1980;1:357.
Feldman HA et al. Impotence and its psychosocial correlates: results of the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. J
Urol. 1994;151:54.
DeKlerk DP et al. Comparison of spontaneous and experimentally induced canine prostatic hypertrophy. J Clin
Invest. 1979;64:842.
McConnell JD et al. Finasteride, an inhibitor of 5 alpha-reductase, suppresses prostatic dihydrotestosterone in
men 3 with benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992;74:505.
Lowe FC et al. Long-term 6-year experience with finasteride in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Urology. 2003;61:791.
Gormley GJ et al. The effect of finasteride in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The Finasteride Study
Group. N EnglJ Med. 1992;327:1185.
Stoner E et al. Maintenance of clinical efficacy with finasteride therapy for 24 months in patients with benign
prostatic hyperplasia. The Finasteride Study Group. Arch Intern Med. 1994;154:83.
Weeslls H et al. Incidence and severity of sexual adverse prostatic hyperplasia. Urology. 2003;61:579.
Abrams P et al. Improvement of pressure flow parameters with finasteride is greater in men with large
prostates. Finasteride Urodynamics Study Group. Urology. 1999;161:1513.
[No authors listed]. Finasteride for benign prostatic hypertrophy. Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1992;34:83.
[No authors listed]. One year experience in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia with finasteride. The
MK-906 (Finasteride) Study Group. J Androl. 1991;12:372.
Yang XJ et al. Does long-term finasteride therapy affect the histological features of benign prostatic tissue and
prostate cancer on needle biopsy? PLESS Study Group. Proscar Long-Term Efficacy and Safety Study.
Urology. 1999;53:696.
Montironi R et al. Treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia with 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor: morphological
changes in patients who fail to respond. J Clin Pathol. 1996;49:324.
Roehrborn CG et al. Efficacy and safety of a dual inhibitor of 5-alpha-reductase types 1 and 2 (dutasteride) in
men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology. 2002;60:434.
McConnell JD et al. The long-term effect of doxazosin, finasteride, and combination therapy on the clinical
progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia. N Eng J Med. 2003;349:2387.
.
.
.
.
.
120.
121.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Roehrborn CG et al. The effects of combination therapy with dutasteride and tamsulosin on clinical outcomes in
men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia: 4-year results from the CombAT study [published
correction appears in Eur Urol. 2010;58:801]. Eur Urol. 2010;57:123.
Keane PF et al. Response of the benign hypertrophied prostate to treatment with an LHRH analogue. Br J Urol.
1988;62:163.
Oesterling JE. Prostate specific antigen: a critical assessment of the most useful tumor marker for
adenocarcinoma of the prostate. J Urol. 1991;145:907.
Guess HA et al. The effect of finasteride on prostate specific antigen in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Prostate. 1993;22:31.
Wilt TJ et al. Sawpalmetto extracts for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review [published
correction appears in JAMA. 1999;281:515]. JAMA. 1998;280:1604.
Bent S et al. Saw palmetto for benign prostatic hyperplasia. N Eng J Med. 2006;354:557.
Bayne CW et al. Serenoa repens (Permixon): a 5alphareductase types I and II inhibitor—new evidence in a
coculture model of BPH. Prostate. 1999;40:232.
Gordon AE, Shaughnessy AF. Saw palmetto for prostate disorders. Am Fam Physician. 2003;67:1281.
Carraro JC et al. Comparison of phytotherapy (Permixon) with finasteride in the treatment of benign prostate
hyperplasia: a randomized internationalstudy of 1,098 patients. Prostate. 1996;29:231.
Tacklind J et al. Serenoa repens for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.
2012;12:CD001423.
Wilt T et al. Pygeum africanum for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.
2002(1):CD001044.
American Urological Association. Clinical guideline on the management of BPH (2010 update).
http://www.auanet.org/guidelines/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-(2010-reviewed-and-validityconfirmed-2014). Accessed June 18, 2015.
Bruskewitz RC, Christensen MM. Critical evaluation of transurethral resection and incision of the prostate.
Prostate. 1990;3:27.
Fowler FJ, Jr et al. Symptom status and quality of life following prostatectomy. JAMA. 1988;259:3018.
Lindau ST, Gavrilova N. Sex, health, and years of sexually active life gained due to good health: evidence from
two US population based cross sectionalsurveys of ageing. BMJ. 2010;340:c810.
Lindau ST et al. A study of sexuality and health among older adults in the United States. N Engl J Med.
2007;357:762.
Kinsey A et al. Age and sexual outlet. In: Kinsey A et al, eds. Sexual Behavior in the Human Male.
Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 1984:218.
Starr BD, Weiner MB. The Star-Weiner Report on Sex and Sexuality in the Mature Years . New York, NY:
Stein and Day; 1981.
Persson G. Sexuality in a 70-year-old urban population. J Psychosom Res. 1980;24:335.
Sternbach H. Age-associated testosterone decline in men: clinical issues for psychiatry. Am J Psychiatry.
1998;155:1310.
Vermeulen A, Kaufman JM. Ageing of the hypothalamopituitary-testicular axis in men. Horm Res. 1995;43:25.
Feldman HA et al. Impotence and its medical and psychosocial correlates: results of the Massachusetts Male
Aging Study. J Urol. 1994;151:54.
Melman A. Evaluation of the first 70 patients in the center for male sexual dysfunction of Beth Israel Medical
Center. J Urol. 1984;131:53.
Mulligan T, Katz PG. Why aged men become impotent. Arch Intern Med. 1989;149:1365.
Hsueh WA. Sexual dysfunction with aging and systemic hypertension. Am J Cardiol. 1988;61:18H.
Padam-Nathan H et al. Treatment of men with erectile dysfunction with transurethral alprostadil. Medicated
Urethral System for Erection (MUSE) Study Group. N EnglJ Med. 1997;336:1.
Foster SA et al. Erectile dysfunction with or without coexisting benign prostatic hyperplasia in the general US
population: analysis of US National Health and Wellness Survey. Curr Med Res Opin. 2013;29(12):1709–1717.
Ayta IA et al. The likely worldwide increase in erectile dysfunction between 1995 and 2025 and some possible
policy consequences. BJU Int. 1999;84:50.
Krane RJ et al. Impotence. N EnglJ Med. 1989;321:1648.
Lue TF. Male sexual dysfunction. In: Tanagho E, McAninch J, eds. Smith’s General Urology. 13th ed. East
Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Lange; 1992:696.
Deslypere JP, Vermeulen A. Leydig cell function in normal men: effect of age, life-style, residence, diet, and
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
162.
163.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
183.
184.
.
activity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1984;59:955.
Wein AJ, Van Arsdalen KN. Drug-induced male sexual dysfunction. Urol Clin North Am. 1988;15:23.
Bohlen JG et al. Heart rate, rate-pressure product, and oxygen uptake during four sexual activities. Arch Intern
Med. 1984;144:1745.
Drory Y et al. Myocardial ischemia during sexual activity in patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol.
1995;75:835.
Johnston BL, Fletcher GF. Dynamic electrocardiographic recording during sexual activity in recent postmyocardial infarction and revascularization patients. Am Heart J. 1979;98:736.
Jackson G. Sexual intercourse and angina pectoris. Int Rehabil Med. 1981;3:35.
Muller JE et al. Triggering myocardial infarction by sexual activity: low absolute risk and prevention by regular
physical exertion. Determinants of Myocardial Infarction Onset Study Investigators. JAMA. 1996;275:1405.
Ueno M. The so-called coition death [in Japanese]. Nihon Hoigaku Zasshi. 1963;17:330.
Meuleman E. Prevelance of erectile dysfunction: need for treatment? Int J Impot Res. 2002;14(Suppl 1):S22.
Goldstein I. Male sexual circuitry. Working Group for the Study of Central Mechanisms in Erectile Dysfunction.
Sci Am. 2000;283:70.
Gerstenberg TC, Bradley WE. Nerve conduction velocity measurement of dorsal nerve of penis in normal and
impotent males. Urology. 1983;21:90.
Whitehead ED et al. Diagnostic evaluation of impotence. Postgrad Med. 1990;88:123.
Spark RF et al. Impotence is not always psychogenic: newer insights into hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal
dysfunction. JAMA. 1980;243:750.
Selvin E et al. Prevalence and risk factors for erectile dysfunction in the US. Am J Med. 2007;120:151.
Bancroft J, Wu FC. Changes in erectile responsiveness during androgen therapy. Arch Sex Behav. 1983;12:59.
Michal V et al. Arterial lesions in impotence: phalloarteriography. Int Angiol. 1984;3:247.
Bulpitt CJ, Dollery CT. Side effects of hypotensive agents evaluated by self-administered questionnaire. Br Med
J. 1973;3:485.
Bulpitt CJ, Fletcher AE. Drug treatment and quality of life in the elderly. Clin Geriatr Med. 1990;6:309.
Hogan MJ. Antihypertensive therapy and male sexual dysfunction. Psychosomatics. 1981;21:234.
Mallett EC, Badlani GH. Sexuality in the elderly. Semin Urol. 1987;5:141.
McWaine DE, Procci WR. Drug-induced sexual dysfunction. Med Toxicol Adverse Drug Exp. 1988;3:289.
Ebringer A et al. Clonidine in the treatment of hypertension. Br Med J. 1971;1:402.
Laver MC. Sexual behaviour patterns in male hypertensives. Aust N Z J Med. 1974;4:29.
Onesti G. Clonidine: a new antihypertensive agent. Am J Cardiol. 1971;28:74.
Mooradian AD et al. Hyperprolactinaemia in male diabetics. Postgrad Med J. 1985;61:11.
Burnett W. Sexual dysfunction as a complication of propranolol therapy in men. Cardiovasc Med. 1979;4:811.
Buffum J. Pharmacosexology: the effect of drugs on sexual function: a review. J Psychoactive Drugs.
1982;14:5.
Van Arsdalen KN, Wein AJ. Drug-induced sexual dysfunction in older men. Geriatrics. 1984;39:63.
Caine M. Phenoxybenzamine for benign prostatic obstruction. Review of 200 cases. Urology. 1981;17:542.
Morley JE, Kaiser FE. Sexual function with advancing age. Med Clin North Am. 1989;73:1483.
McCellan KJ, Goa KL. Transdermal testosterone. Drugs. 1998;55:253.
Mirin SM et al. Opiate use and sexual function. Am J Psychiatry. 1980; 137:909.
Buffum JC. Pharmacosexology update: heroin and sexual function. J Psychoactive Drugs. 1983;15:317.
Beeley L. Drug-induced sexual dysfunction and infertility. Adverse Drug React Acute Poisoning Rev.
1984;3:23.
Rosen RC et al. The international index of erectile function (IIEF): a multidimensional scale for assessment of
erectile dysfunction. Urology. 1997;49:822.
Rhoden EL et al. The use of the simplified International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) as a diagnostic tool
to study the prevalance of erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res. 2002;14:245.
Jardin A et al, eds. Recommendations of the First International Consultation on Erectile Dysfunction,
cosponsored by the World Health Organization (WHO). Plymouth, England: Health Publications; 2000.
Wabrek AJ, Burchell RC. Male sexual dysfunction associated with coronary heart disease. Arch Sex Behav.
1980;9:69.
Gundle MJ et al. Psychosocial outcome after coronary artery surgery. Am J Psychiatry. 1980;137:1591.
Agarwal A, Jain DC. Male sexual dysfunction after stroke. J Assoc Physicians India. 1989;37:505.
Ruzbarsky V, Michal V. Morphologic changes in the arterial bed of the penis with aging. Relationship to the
.
.
.
.
190.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
212.
.
.
.
.
.
.
pathogenesis of impotence. Invest Urol. 1977;15:194.
Bulpitt CJ et al. Changes in symptoms of hypertensive patients after referral to hospital clinic. Br Heart J.
1976;38:121.
[No authors listed]. Adverse reaction to bendroflumethiazide and propranolol for the treatment of mild
hypertension. Report of Medical Research Council Working Party on Mild to Moderate Hypertension. Lancet.
1981;2:539.
[No authors listed]. Comparison of prazosin with hydralazine in patients receiving hydrochlorothiazide: a
randomized double blind clinical trial. Circulation. 1981;64:722.
Virag R et al. Is impotence an arterial disorder? A study of arterial risk factors in 440 impotent men. Lancet.
1985;1:181.
Wabrek AJ et al. Noninvasive penile arterial evaluation in 120 males with erectile dysfunction. Urology.
1983;22:230.
Condra M et al. Prevalence and significance of tobacco smoking in impotence. Urology. 1986;27:495.
Hirshkowitz M et al. Nocturnal penile tumescence in cigarette smokers with erectile dysfunction. Urology.
1992;39:101.
DePalma RG et al. A screening sequence for vasculogenic impotence. J Vasc Surg. 1987;5:228.
Zemel P. Sexual dysfunction in the diabetic patient with hypertension. Am J Cardiol. 1988;61:27H.
Rubin A, Babbott D. Impotence and diabetes mellitus. JAMA. 1958;168:498.
Whitehead ED, Klyde BJ. Diabetes-related impotence in the elderly. Clin Geriatr Med. 1990;6:771.
McCulloch DK et al. The prevalence of diabetic impotence. Diabetologia. 1980;18:279.
Kannel WB et al. The role of diabetes in congestive heart failure: the Framingham study. Am J Cardiol.
1974;34:29.
Lehman TP, Jacobs JA. Etiology of diabetic impotence. Urology. 1983;129:291.
Morley JE, Kaiser FE. Testicular function in the aging male. In: Armbrecht HJ et al, eds. Endocrine Function
and Aging. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1990:99.
Snyder PJ et al. Serum LH and FSH responses to synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone in normal men. J
Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1975;41:938.
Tenover JS et al. Decreased serum inhibin levels in normal elderly men: evidence for a decline in Sertoli cell
function with aging. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1988;67:455.
Kaiser FE et al. Impotence and aging: clinical and hormonal factors. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1988;36:511.
Skakkebaek NE et al. Androgen replacement with oral testosterone undecanoate in hypogonadal men: a double
blind controlled study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1981;14:49.
Bancroft J. Endocrinology of sexual function. Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 1980;7:253.
Davidson JM et al. Hormonal changes and sexual function 5 in aging men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1983;57:71.
Morley JE. Impotence. Am J Med. 1986;80:897.
Bissada NK, Finkbeiner AE. Urologic manifestations of drug therapy. Urol Clin North Am. 1988;15:725.
Deamer RL, Thompson JF. The role of medications in geriatric sexual function. Clin Geriatr Med. 1991;7:95.
Rendell MS et al. Sildenafil for treatment of erectile dysfunction in men with diabetes: a randomized controlled
trial. Sildenafil Diabetes Study Group. JAMA. 1999;281:421.
Cheitlin MD et al. ACC/AHA Expert Consensus Document: use of sildenafil (Viagra) in patients with
cardiovascular disease. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association [published correction
appears in J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;34:1850]. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;33:273.
Giuliano F et al. Vardenafil is effective and well-tolerated for treating erectile dysfunction in a broad population
of men, irrespective of age. BJU Int. 2005;95:110.
Tsertsvadze A et al. Oral phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors and hormonal treatments for erectile dysfunction: a
systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151:650.
Goldstein I et al. Oral sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Sildenafil Study Group [published
correction appears in N EnglJ Med. 1998;339:59]. N EnglJ Med. 1998;538:1397.
Morales A et al. Clinical safety of oral sildenafil citrate (Viagra) in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Int J
Impot Res. 1998;10:69.
Mitka M. Viagra leads as rivals are moving up. JAMA. 1998;280:119.
Giuliano F et al. Safety of sildenafil citrate: review of 67 double-blind placebo-controlled trials and the
postmarketing safety database. Int J Clin Pract. 2010;64:240.
Cohen JS. Comparison of FDA reports of patient deaths associated with sildenafil and with injectable alprostadil.
Ann Pharmacother. 2001;35:285.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
233.
.
.
236.
.
.
239.
.
.
.
.
.
Arruda-Olson AM et al. Cardiovascular effects of sildenafil during exercise in men with known or probable
coronary artery disease. A randomized crossover trial. JAMA. 2002;287:719.
Laties AM. Vision disorders and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors: a review of the evidence to date. Drug Saf.
2009;32:1.
Sadovsky R et al. Three-year update of sildenafil citrate (Viagra) efficacy and safety. Int J Clin Pract.
2001;55:115.
Angulo J et al. Tadalafil enhances NO-mediated relaxation of human arterial and trabecular penile smooth
muscle [abstract]. Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Glasgow, Scotland;
2001.
Vickers MA, Satyanarayana R. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors for the treatment of erectile dysfunction in
patients with diabetes mellitus. Int J Impot Res. 2002;14:466.
Frajese GV et al. Tadalafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction; an overview of the clinical evidence. Clin
Interv Aging. 2006;1:439.
Porst H et al. The efficacy and tolerability of vardenafil, a new, oral, selective phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor,
in patients with erectile dysfunction: the first at home clinical trial. Int J Impot Res. 2001;13:192.
Steidle CP et al. Pharmacokientics of vardenafil in the elderly and subgroup data on efficacy and safety in
elderly patients with erectile dysfunction [abstract]. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001;49:S103.
Thandani U et al. The effect of vardenafil, a potent and highly selective phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor for the
treatment or erectile dysfunction, on the cardiovascular response to exercise in patients with coronary disease. J
Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;40:2006.
Hellstrom WJ et al. A phase II, single-blind, randomized, crossover evaluation of the safety and efficacy of
avanafil using visual sexual stimulation in patients with mild to moderate erectile dysfunction. BJU Int.
2013;111(1):137–147.
Whitehead ED et al. Treatment alternatives for impotence. Postgrad Med. 1990;88:139.
Carani C et al. The effects of testosterone administration and visual erotic stimuli on nocturnal penile
tumescence in normal men. Horm Behav. 1990;24:435.
Guay AT et al. Efficacy and safety of sildenafil for treatment of erectile dysfunction in a population with
associated organic risk factors [published correction appears in J Androl. 2002;23:113]. J Androl. 2001;22:793.
Yu Z et al. Transdermal testosterone administration in hypogonadal men: comparison of pharmacokinetics at
different sites of application and at the first and fifth days of application. J Clin Pharmacol. 1997;37:1129.
Winters SJ. Current status of testosterone replacement therapy in men. Arch Fam Med. 1999;8:257.
Parker S, Armitage M. Experience with transdermal testosterone replacement therapy for hypogonadal men.
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1999;50:57.
Gann PH et al. Prospective study of sex hormone levels and risk of prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst.
1996;88:1118.
No comments:
Post a Comment
اكتب تعليق حول الموضوع