ABSTRACT

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory consequence resulting from microbial infection, assessed as a worldwide healthcare issue. Sepsis can result in multiorgan dysfunction, including cardiac, renal, hepatic, and cerebral dysfunction. Cardiotoxicity can occur in humans and rodents during sepsis, leading to increased mortality. The current study aims to explore the possible cardioprotective effects of octreotide during sepsis-induced cardiotoxicity. This study was done with a total of forty male albino Swiss mice, aged 8-12 weeks and weighing 25-30 gm. These animals had free access to food and water. After two weeks of adaptation, mice were divided into four groups (n=10): 1) Normal group: healthy mice; 2) CLP group: mice underwent CLP operation; 3) Vehicle group: mice received DMSO. 4) Octreotide group: mice received octreotide (10 mg/kg) subcutaneously in 2 divided doses for 5 consecutive days. All groups underwent CLP operation on the 4th day, then sacrificed on the 5th day then blood, and tissue sampling was done. The Octreotide group demonstrated a significant (P<0.05)P<0.05)P<0.05)P<0.05)P<0.05)

PMID:37312717 | PMC:PMC10258294 | DOI:10.22092/ARI.2022.358339.2201

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PubMed articles on: Cardio-Oncology

Cardiomuscular Biomarkers in the Diagnosis and Prognostication of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Myocarditis

Circulation. 2023 Jun 15. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.062405. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are approved for multiple cancers but can result in ICI-associated myocarditis, an infrequent but life-threatening condition. Elevations in cardiac biomarkers, specifically troponin-I (cTnI), troponin-T (cTnT), and creatine kinase (CK), are used for diagnosis. However, the association between temporal elevations of these biomarkers with disease trajectory and outcomes has not been established.

METHODS: We analyzed the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic performances of cTnI, cTnT, and CK in patients with ICI myocarditis (n=60) through 1-year follow-up in 2 cardio-oncology units (APHP Sorbonne: Paris, France and Heidelberg, Germany). A total of 1751 (1 cTnT assay type), 920 (4 cTnI assay types), and 1191 CK sampling time points were available. Major adverse cardiomyotoxic events (MACE) were defined as heart failure, ventricular arrhythmia, atrioventricular or sinus block requiring pacemaker, respiratory muscle failure requiring mechanical ventilation, and sudden cardiac death. Diagnostic performance of cTnI and cTnT was also assessed in an international ICI myocarditis registry.

RESULTS: Within 72 hours of admission, cTnT, cTnI, and CK were increased compared with upper reference limits (URLs) in 56 of 57 (98%), 37 of 42 ([88%] P=0.03 versus cTnT), and 43 of 57 ([75%] P<0.001P<0.001)P<0.001),P<0.001),

CONCLUSIONS: cTnT is associated with MACE and is sensitive for diagnosis and surveillance in patients with ICI myocarditis. A cTnT:URL ratio <32

PMID:37317858 | DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.062405

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PubMed articles on: Cardio-Oncology

Comparing Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Blockade Regimens for Long-Term Chemotherapy-Related Cardiac Dysfunction: A Network Meta-Analysis

Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2023 Jun 14. doi: 10.1007/s10557-023-07457-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Cancer therapies including trastuzumab and anthracyclines are cardiotoxic and cause cardiac dysfunction. To prevent cardiotoxicity, pharmacological agents used in heart failure have been administered concomitantly with cardiotoxic cancer therapy, but few studies to date have performed a head-to-head comparison of these different agents. This systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials aims to evaluate the efficacy of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockers, namely angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Is), aldosterone receptor blockers (ARBs), and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), in primary prevention against chemotherapy-related cardiac dysfunction in patients receiving anthracyclines and/or trastuzumab.

METHODS: A systematic search was performed in major web databases for studies from inception to 15 September 2022. A Bayesian network meta-analysis model was used to assess the relative effects of competing treatments on the primary outcomes of risk of significant decline in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and mean LVEF decline. Secondary outcomes included left ventricular diastolic function, global longitudinal strain, and cardiac biomarkers. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42022357980.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Nineteen studies reported the effects of 13 interventions (N = 1905 patients). Only enalapril (RR 0.05, 95% CI 0.00-0.20) was associated with reduced risk of patients developing significant decline in LVEF relative to placebo. Subgroup analysis showed that the beneficial effect of enalapril was driven by protection against anthracycline-associated toxicity. In addition, no RAAS-inhibiting agents showed efficacy in protection against treatment with both anthracycline and trastuzumab. The use of RAAS inhibition therapy did not conclusively impact on other markers of cardiac function, including left ventricular diastolic function and cardiac biomarkers.

PMID:37314568 | DOI:10.1007/s10557-023-07457-w

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PubMed articles on: Cardio-Oncology

Finally Getting to the Heart of the Matter: Imaging Multiorgan Treatment Response in AL Amyloidosis

JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2023 May 5:S1936-878X(23)00190-0. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2023.03.022. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:37269271 | DOI:10.1016/j.jcmg.2023.03.022

C

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PubMed articles on: Cancer & VTE/PE

Plasma microRNAs as potential biomarkers in diagnosis of acute venous thromboembolism

Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2023 Jun 10. doi: 10.3233/CH-231820. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the potential use of plasma microRNAs (miRNAs) in diagnosis of acute venous thromboembolism (VTE).

METHODS: Using BGISEQ-500 sequencing technology, we analyzed the miRNA profile of paired plasma samples from the acute and chronic phases of four patients with unprovoked VTE. Using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), we verified nine upregulated named miRNAs in the acute phase in the plasma samples of 54 patients with acute VTE and 39 controls. We then compared the relative expression of the 9 candidate miRNAs between the acute VTE and control group, and plotted the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the differentially expressed miRNAs. We chose the miRNA with the greatest area under curve (AUC) to evaluate the effect of miRNA on coagulation and platelet function in the plasma samples of 5 healthy volunteers.

RESULTS: The plasma levels of miR-374b-3p, miR-660-5p, miR-378a-3p, miR-425-5p, miR-3613-5p, miR-130b-3p, miR-183-5p, and miR-103b were higher in patients with acute VTE than in the controls, with AUCs of 0.6776, 0.6614, 0.6648, 0.6885, 0.8048, 0.6871, 0.7298, and 0.7498, respectively, and P values of 0.0036, 0.0081, 0.0069, 0.0020,<0.0001,

CONCLUSION: miRNAs can be potential biomarkers for diagnosing acute VTE, and miR-3613-5p may be involved in the formation, coagulation, and platelet functions in acute VTE.

PMID:37334587 | DOI:10.3233/CH-231820

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PubMed articles on: Cancer & VTE/PE

Contact system and intrinsic pathway activation in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer: a prospective cohort study

J Thromb Haemost. 2023 Jun 16:S1538-7836(23)00493-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.06.009. Online ahead of print.