INDEX

Herpes zoster (shingles), 1480 I-103

clinical features of, 370t, 1480–1481

abdominal pain, 110

chest discomfort, 101t, 103

glossopharyngeal neuropathy, 3444

neck pain, 128

neuropathy, 3491

ocular, 220

oral manifestations, 258t, 261

postherpetic neuralgia, 261, 1481, 1482, 3491

skin manifestations, 1035, 1480–1481, 1481f,

A1, A5

trigeminal neuropathy, 3439

diagnosis of, 1481

differential diagnosis of, 1481

epidemiology of, 1480

in HIV infection, 1481, 1481f, 1564t, 1575, A5

pathogenesis of, 94, 1479

prevention of, 557t, 875, 1146, 1482–1483, 1482t,

1564t

in transplant recipient, 1138–1139, 1139t, 1143,

1481

treatment of, 1039t, 1460–1461, 1461t, 1482

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus, 220, 1480

Herpes zoster oticus (Ramsay Hunt syndrome),

160, 249, 261, 1480, 3440

Herpes zoster vaccine

contraindications to, 986t

recommended administration of, 40t, 984f, 1108,

1482

storage and handling of, 986

Herpetic whitlow, 1474, 1478t, 1576

Herpetiform lesions, 370t

Hers disease (type VI GSD), 3263t, 3265

Hertel exophthalmometer, 227

HES. See Hypereosinophilic syndromes (HES)

HESX1 gene, 2896

HESX1 gene mutations, 2971t, 3014, 3015t

Heterochromatin, 3790

Heterophyes heterophyes, 945t, 1784t, 1788t, 1789t,

S12. See also Intestinal flukes

Heteroplasmy/heteroplasmia, 3653, 3670–3671,

3672, 3673f

Heterosexual, 3079t

Heterosexual sexual precocity, 3012, 3033

Heterotopia, A16

Heterozygous, 3649

Heuristics, 22

HEV (hepatitis E virus), 2563f, 2564t, 2568. See also

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection

HEVs (high endothelial venules), 2698

Hexacarbons, 3493, 3495t

Hexagonal-phase phospholipids test, 919

Hexokinase (HK) deficiency, 781t

Hexosaminidase A deficiency. See Tay-Sachs

disease

Hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PDH), 2958

HF. See Heart failure (HF)

HFE gene mutations

global considerations in, 3235

in hereditary hemochromatosis, 3230, 3232. See

also Hemochromatosis

in liver disease, 643, 2549, 3232, 3235

in porphyria cutanea tarda, 423, 3232, 3245

2HG (2-hydroxyglutarate), 522, 3835, 3835f

hGH-N gene, 2894

hGH-V gene, 2894

HHIP gene mutations, 2181, 2184

HHS (hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state), 3114,

3115t, 3117

HHV-6 infection. See Human herpesvirus-6

(HHV-6) infection

HHV-7 infection. See Human herpesvirus-7

(HHV-7) infection

HHV-8 infection. See Human herpesvirus-8

(HHV-8) infection

5-HIAA, 668

Hiatal hernia, 2425, 2425f

Hic (pneumococcal H inhibitor), 1170

Hidradenitis, neutrophilic eccrine, 397, 410

Hidradenitis suppurativa, 1035, 1353, 3086

HIDS (hyperimmunoglobulinemia D with periodic

fever syndrome), 2841t, 2843

HIFs (hypoxia-inducible factors), 272, 431, 520,

523–524, 2317

High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE), 272, 3617,

3618f, 3618t

High-altitude illness, 3617

acute mountain sickness, 3617–3618, 3618t

cerebral edema, 272, 3617, 3618f, 3618t

chronic mountain sickness, 274, 3622

cough, 3620–3621

epidemiology of, 3617

gastrointestinal, 3620

genetic considerations in, 3617

hypoxia in, 272, 273

neurologic events, 3621

physiology of, 3617

polycythemia, 439

preexisting medical issues and, 3621–3622

psychological/psychiatric problems, 3621

pulmonary edema. See High-altitude pulmonary

edema (HAPE)

pulmonary hypertension an, 3622

sleep impairment, 3620

High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)

clinical features of, 3619–3620, 3619f

pathophysiology of, 272, 3620

prevention of, 2256, 3620

risk factors for, 3619

treatment of, 2256, 3618t, 3620

High-amplitude propagated contractions, 299

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)

composition of, 3135, 3136f

high levels of, 3140t

low levels of, 3146–3147

in metabolic syndrome, 3153, 3156

pathophysiology of, 3146

primary (genetic) causes of, 3139t

APOA1 gene mutations, 3146

familial LCAT deficiency, 3146

primary hypoalphalipoproteinemia,

3146–3147

Tangier disease (ABCA1 deficiency), 1816,

3146, 3487

secondary causes of, 3140t, 3147

metabolism of, 3136–3137, 3137f

High endothelial venules (HEVs), 2698

High-frequency ventilation, 2229t. See also

Mechanical ventilation

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).

See Combination antiretroviral therapy

(cART)

High-molecular-weight kininogen deficiency, 911t

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), in

HIV infection, 1561t

Hilar adenopathy, 459

Hinchey classification, of diverticulitis, 2498,

2498f

Hip(s)

bursitis of, 2850, 2851f, 2878

fracture of

bisphosphonates for prevention of, 3203–3205,

3204f

denosumab for prevention of, 3205–3206,

3206f

epidemiology of, 3191, 3191f

lifetime cumulative risk of, 38t

management of, 3199

PPIs and, 2444

risk screening for, 38

osteoarthritis of, 2857, 2859

pain in, 119, 2850, 2851f, 2859

Hip replacement, 2862

Hirata’s syndrome (insulin autoimmune

syndrome), 2696t, 2996

Hirschsprung disease, 388

Hirsutism, 3039

after menopause, 3041

approach to the patient, 3041, 3041f

drug-induced, 410, 3039

etiology of, 3039, 3039t

hormonal evaluation in, 3040–3041

in 21-hydroxylase deficiency, 3004

prevalence of, 2884t

scoring scale for, 3039, 3040f

screening/testing for, 2884t

treatment of, 3042

Hirudin, 3612

His bundle, 1868, 1880

His bundle pacing, 1886, 1887f

Histamine, 92f, 408

Histamine H1

 receptor antagonists. See

Antihistamines

Histamine H2

 receptor antagonists

adverse effects of, 2444

drug interactions of, 471t, 1703t

for gastritis, 312

for GERD, 296, 2431

for peptic ulcer disease, 2443–2444, 2443t

for premedication in chemotherapy, 577–578

for scombroid poisoning, 3605

for systemic mastocytosis, 2731

for urticaria, 2723

Histidine metabolism disorders, 3269t

Histidinemia, 3269t

Histidinuria, 3275t

Histiocytic sarcoma/malignant histiocytosis, 865

Histiocytosis X (Langerhans cell histiocytosis), 257,

865, 2897, 2907, A12, A16

Histochemical stains, S11

Histoid leprosy, 1386

Histone(s), 516, 3644, 3646f, 3790

Histone acetylase, 516

Histone deacetylase (HDAC)

in COPD, 2181

in epigenetics of aging, 3795

in epigenetics of cancer, 516–517, 517f, 3794

in high-fat diets, 3793

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors

actions of, 517, 517f, 552, 3796

adverse effects of, 549–550t

epigenetics of, 3794, 3795, 3796

indications for, 517, 549–550t, 552

Histone H2A-H2B-DNA, 2696t

Histone post-translational modifications (hPTMs),

3791, 3792

Histopathology, S11

Histoplasma capsulatum, 1658, 1658f

Histoplasma spp. infections, 1658

clinical features of, 1653t, 1659

arthritis, 1044, 1044f

cavitary, 1659

chronic meningitis, 1113t

cutaneous, 397

lymphadenopathy, 459, 1659, A12

INDEX

I-104 Histoplasma spp. infections, clinical features of

(Cont.):

mediastinitis, 1659, 1661

oral, 259t

subacute meningitis, 1108–1109

complications of, 1659

diagnosis of, 1114, 1653t, 1656, 1659–1660,

1659f, A16, S6

disseminated

clinical course of, 1659

in HIV infection, 1564t, 1567, 1580–1581

treatment of, 1660–1661, 1660t

epidemiology of, 1112, 1658

incubation period for, S6

pathogenesis of, 1658–1659

of pons, A16

prevention of, S6

risk factors for, 1653t, 1659

in transplant recipient, 1142t

treatment of, 1109, 1660–1661, 1660t, S6

in war veterans, S6

Histotoxic hypoxia, 273

HIV

antibodies to, 1557, 1557f

binding and fusion with target cell, 1528, 1530f

cellular targets of, 1548

genome of, 1529, 1531f

genotypes of, 965–966

geographic distribution of, 1532f

molecular heterogeneity of, 1531–1532

phylogeny of, 1527, 1528f

receptors and co-receptors of, 1547, 1547f

replication cycle of, 1528–1529, 1530f

structure of, 1522, 1523f, 1527–1528, 1529f

subtypes of, 1527, 1528f

HIV-1, 970, 1527, 1528f, 1530f, 1531–1532, 1532f.

See also HIV infection

HIV-2, 1527, 1528f

HIV-associated dementia (HAD), 1576, 1577f,

1577t

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND),

1554–1555, 1576, 1577f, 1577t

Hives. See Urticaria

HIV infection

acute syndrome, 253t, 254, 444, 1540, 1562,

1569f, 1569t

arthritis syndromes in, 1044

asymptomatic stage (clinical latency),

1542–1543, 1562

cardiovascular disease in, 1568, 1961, 2023

as chronic disease, 3709–3710

cobalamin deficiency in, 772

diagnosis of, 962, 1558, 1559f, 1560t, S11

differential diagnosis of, 1486t

drug allergies in, 416, 1573

drug resistance in, 966

drug toxicity in, 2591

elite nonprogressor, 1562

endocrine and metabolic disorders in

adrenal insufficiency, 353

hypogonadism, 1573, 3016

lipodystrophy, 3151

metabolic syndrome, 1572

osteonecrosis, 1574

osteoporosis, 1574

SIAD, 1572

thyroid disorders, 1573

epidemiology of

global, 1079, 1535–1537, 1536f, 1537f, 3703,

3707–3708

in infants and children, 1537, 1538f, 1539f

mortality, 3704

racial/ethnic disparities in, 1537, 1538f

by subtypes, 1531–1532, 1532f

in U.S., 1537–1538, 1538f, 1539f, 3707

gastrointestinal disease in, 1568

esophagitis, 1568, 1569f, 2432–2433, 2432f

HIV enteropathy, 1570

infectious diarrhea, 300, 1568–1570, 1570f

proctocolitis, 300

generalized wasting in, 1581

genetic considerations in

antiretroviral-associated hypersensitivity, 1555

CCR5 genotype, 1550, 1553f

chemokine receptors, 1551t

chemokines, 1551–1552t

CYP2B6, 1552t

cytokines, 1552t

gene-gene interactions, 1552t

HLA-B alleles, 1553–1554, 1553f

innate immunity genes, 1552t

MHC locus genes, 1551t, 1553f, 1554, 1554f

for specific conditions, 1552t, 1554–1555

genitourinary tract infections in, 1571–1572

chancroid, 1244

gonococcal, 1238–1239

syphilis, 1411, 1571–1572

vulvovaginal candidiasis, 1572

warts, 1499

health care workers and, 1136, 1534–1535,

1594–1595

hearing loss in, 241

hematopoietic system disease in

anemia, 1574–1575

bone marrow suppression, 1574, 1574t

lymphadenopathy, 458, 1543–1544, 1574, 1584

monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined

significance, 1574

monocyte dysfunction, 448

neutropenia, 1575

thrombocytopenia, 905, 906, 1575

VTE, 1575

in hemophiliacs, 914

hepatobiliary disease in, 1570–1571

cholangiopathy, 320, 2652

drug-induced, 2591

hepatitis, 1570–1571, 2578, 2602

liver transplantation for, 2635

pancreatitis, 1571, 2664

hyperkalemia in, 353

idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia in,

1584–1585

immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

in, 1368, 1397, 1567, 1574, 1574t

immune response to, 1556, 1556f, 1556t, 1557f

immunizations in, 984f, 1502, 1564–1565t

immunologic and rheumatologic disease in,

1573–1574

in infants and children, 1537, 1539f

inflammasome mutations in, 2677t

in injection drug users, 3573

kidney transplantation in, 2325

KIRs with, 2687t

laboratory monitoring of

CD4+ T cell counts, 1560

co-receptor tropism assays, 1561

d-dimer, 1561t

HIV resistance testing, 1561

HIV RNA determinations, 1560–1561

hs-CRP, 1561t

IL-6, 1561t

long-term nonprogressor, 1562

long-term survivor, 1543

microbiome and, 3699

natural history of, 962f

neoplastic disease in

anal cancer, 643, 1499, 1584

cervical cancer, 1499, 1584

HPV-related, 1499

Kaposi’s sarcoma. See Kaposi’s sarcoma

lymphoid malignancies, 841, 842, 842t, 852

lymphomas, 1555, 1583–1584, 1583f, 1584f

multicentric Castleman’s disease, 1584

primary central nervous system lymphoma,

705

primary effusion lymphoma, 857

nephropathy in, 2282

neurologic disease in, 1576, 1576t

Chagas disease, 1579

depression, 3547

HIV-associated dementia, 1576, 1577f, 1577t,

3376

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders,

1554, 1576, 1577f, 1577t

inflammatory demyelinating

polyradiculoneuropathy, 3491

meningitis

aseptic, 1576

chronic, 1114t, 1117

cryptococcal, 1576–1577, 1670

subacute, 1108, 1109

mononeuropathies, 3491

myelopathy, 1579

myopathy, 1580

neurologic deficits, 1578

pathogenesis of, 1555, 1576

peripheral neuropathy, 1579–1580

polyneuropathy, 1579, 3491

polyradiculopathy, 3491

progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy,

1099–1100, 1578–1579

seizures, 1578, 1578t

sensory neuronopathy/ganglionopathy, 3491

stroke, 1579

toxoplasmosis, 1578, 1578f, 1760, 1760f

in older adults, 3744

ophthalmologic disease in, 1580

choroid lesions, 1580

CMV retinitis, 1462, 1489, 1580

progressive outer retinal necrosis, 1580

opportunistic/disseminated infections in

actinomycosis, 1343

Bartonella, 396, 1332–1333, 1333f, 1580

B. dermatitidis, 1666

CMV, 1489, 1490

Cryptococcus, 1576–1577, 1670

Cryptosporidium, 1766

Histoplasma, 1567, 1580–1581

incidence of, 1565, 1565f

JC virus, 1578–1579

Leishmania, 1581, 1743, 1745

malaria, 1581, 1725–1726

molluscum contagiosum, 1494

Nocardia, 1336

nontuberculous mycobacterial, 1394

P. aeruginosa, 1289

P. marneffei, 1581

prophylaxis for, 1396, 1563–1564t

T. cruzi, 1579, 1751

T. gondii, 1578, 1578f, 1760, 1760f, 1762–1763,

1962

T. marneffei, 1687t, 1688

T. whipplei, 1346

oropharyngeal disease in, 261t, 1568

aphthous ulcers, 257, 1568, 1569f

dysphagia, 290

INDEX

hairy leukoplakia, 1485, 1485f, 1568, 1569f I-105

linear gingival erythema, 257

parotid enlargement, 262

periodontitis, 256

during primary infection, 258t, 1511

sicca syndrome, 2789t

thrush, 381, 1568, 1569f

pathogenesis of, 1538

advanced disease, 1543

apoptosis in, 1545–1546

autoimmune phenomenon in, 1546, 2706

B cells defects in, 1549

CD4+ T cell defects in, 1548–1549

CD8+ T cell defects in, 1549

cellular targets, 1548

chronic infection

clinical latency vs. microbiologic latency,

1542–1543

immune system evasion, 1541

persistent virus replication, 1540f, 1541

reservoirs of HIV-infected cells, 1541–1542,

1542f

viral dynamics, 1543, 1543f

clinical course in untreated patient, 1539f

in CNS, 1555

cytokine network in, 1546

dendritic cell defects in, 1550

early events in, 1539–1540, 1540f

immune activation, inflammation and,

1544–1546, 1545t

in long-term nonprogressors, 1543

in long-term survivors, 1543

lymphocyte turnover in, 1547

lymphoid organs and, 1543–1544, 1544f

macrophage defects in, 1549–1550

monocyte defects in, 1549–1550

NK cell defects in, 1550

viral receptors and co-receptors in, 1547, 1547f

postexposure prophylaxis, 1594–1595

in pregnancy, 1535, 3768

prevention of, 1595–1596, 1595f

renal disease in, 1554, 1571–1572, 2336t,

2348–2349, 2366, A4

respiratory disease in, 1565

bacterial pneumonia, 1565

fungal infections, 1567

MAC infections, 1563t, 1567

PCP, 1555, 1563t, 1565f, 1566, 1691–1692,

1695. See also Pneumocystis pneumonia

(PCP)

pulmonary hypertension, 1567, 2126

R. equi infection, 1567

TB. See Tuberculosis (TB), in HIV infection

screening for, 39t, 1558–1559, 1595

skin manifestations of, 1575

bacillary angiomatosis, 1580

condyloma acuminatum, 1576

cutaneous drug reactions, 407, 1576

folliculitis, 386, 1575

herpes zoster, 1481, 1481f, 1575, A5

HSV infections, 1478t, 1570, 1570f, 1575–1576

ichthyosis, 1575

molluscum contagiosum, 1576

onychomycosis, 380

porphyria cutanea tarda, 422

in primary infection, 134t, 141, 393, A1

psoriasis, 1575

seborrheic dermatitis, 377, 1575

skin cancer, 586

stage 3. See AIDS

staging, 1527, 1528t

symptomatic disease, 1562

thyroid hormone levels in, 2945

transmission of

antiretroviral therapy and, 1533

in blood and blood products, 896, 896t, 914,

1533t, 1534

by breast-feeding, 1535

by human bite, 1533t, 1535

mother-to-child, 1535, 1587t, 3768

occupational, 1534–1535

patterns, 1537, 1537f, 1539f

prevention of, 1587t, 1595–1596

in saliva, 1533t, 1535

sexual, 1532–1533, 1533f, 1533t

vaginal microbiota and, 3699

travel considerations for, 999

treatment of, 1585

combination antiretroviral therapy. See

Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)

experimental, 1594

HCT, 1553, 2701

initial evaluation, 1585–1586, 1585t

Internet resources for, 1586t

milestones in, 962f

in pregnancy, 3768

principles of, 1589–1594, 1592t

vaccine development for, 1596

in war veterans, S6

weakness in, 167

in women, 3067

H+,K+-ATPase, 2437, 2696t

HK (hexokinase) deficiency, 781t

HLA-B1, 2811

HLA-B8 gene mutations, 2994

HLA-B27

in axial spondyloarthritis, 2791, 3649

in inflammatory bowel disease, 2801

in reactive arthritis, 2797, 2799

HLA-B alleles. See also Human leukocyte antigen

(HLA) complex

cutaneous drug reactions and, 409, 1555

drug response and, 475t, 477t, 478, 2865, 3317

in HIV infection, 1551t, 1553–1554, 1555

HLA-C gene, 1551t, 1553f, 1554, 1554f, 1555

HLA complex. See Human leukocyte antigen

(HLA) complex

HLA-DR3 gene mutations, 2970, 2994

HLA-DR4, 2811, 3649

HLA-DR5, 2789t, 2830

HLA-DRB1 gene mutations, 2614, 2754, 2771

HLA-DR polymorphisms, 2933

HLH (hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis), 141,

2717–2718, S8

HMBS gene, 3239t

HMBS gene mutations, 3243–3244

HMB-synthase, 3238t, 3239t, 3240

hMG (human menopausal gonadotropin), 3021

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. See Statins

HMGCR antibodies, 736

HMGCR myopathy, 2822

hMPV (human metapneumovirus), 248, 249, 1506,

1506t

HNA (hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy), 3485t, 3486

HNF gene mutations, 3102, 3645t

HNPCC (hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer).

See Lynch syndrome

HNPP (hereditary neuropathy with liability to

pressure palsies), 3484t, 3486, 3647

Hoarseness

with dysphagia, 289

in GERD, 295

in laryngeal cancer, 591

in lung cancer, 598

Hockey puck sign, 1246

Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 852

approach to the patient, 853

classic, 853

classification of, 852

clinical features of, 853

CLL and, 838

diagnosis of, 852f, 853

differential diagnosis of, 853

EBV infection and, 852, 1485

epidemiology of, 852

etiology of, 852

fever in, 132

infections in, 556t, 558t, 561

vs. mediastinal B-cell lymphoma, 857

mixed cellularity, 852, 853

nodular lymphocyte-predominant, 855

nodular sclerosing, 852, 857, A6

paraneoplastic syndromes in, 725t, 726, 729t, 735

peripheral blood smear in, A6

in pregnancy, 3766t

radiation therapy for, breast cancer following,

532, 613, 740

second malignancies in survivors of, 740

skin manifestations of, 396

splenomegaly in, 461

staging of, 462, 853, 853t

treatment of, 853–854

brentuximab vedotin, 543

HCT, 902t, 903

late consequences of, 854–855, 3017

long-term effects, 737

tumor markers in, 487t

vaccination during treatment for, 557t, 1146

“Holiday heart,” 3559

Hollenhorst plaques, 221, 221f, 1816

Holobiont, 3690

Holter monitoring, 1871

Holt-Oram syndrome, 1815, 1816, 3645t

Homan’s sign, 1816

Homeopathy, 3785t, 3789

Homeostasis, 2890

Homeostenosis, 3739

Homer-Wright rosettes, 706

Homocitrullinuria, 3270t, 3275t

Homocysteine, 774, 2527

Homocystinuria(s), 3271

cardiovascular disease in, 769

classic, 3271

clinical features of, 3270t, 3271–3272

enzyme defects in, 3270t

folate deficiency in, 773

with methylmalonic acidemia, 3270t

pathways, enzymes, and coenzymes involved in,

3271, 3272f

treatment of, 3272

Homogeneous staining region, 500

Homogentisic acid oxidase, 3272

Homoplasmy, 3671, 3676–3677

Homozygous, 3648f, 3649

Honduras, 50, 50t

Honeybee sting/venom, 3613–3614

Honey, in infant botulism, 1216

Hookworm infections

clinical features of, 1699t, 1774t, 1775

diagnosis of, 945t, 1775, S12

eosinophilia in, 2165, S12

epidemiology of, 945t, 1697, 1699t, 1775, S12

life-cycle hosts of, 1775, S12

skin manifestations of, 1037

treatment of, 1774t, 1775

Hoover’s sign, 2185

INDEX

I-106 Hordeolum (sty), 220

Horizontal gene transfer, 960t

Hormesis, 3738–3739

Hormiga veinticuatro, 3614

Hormone(s), 2884. See also specific hormones and

types

autocrine control, 2891

classes of, 2885

deficiency of, 2882, 2882t

degradation of, 2887

ectopic production of, 721–722, 722t

eutopic production of, 721

excess, 2881–2882, 2882t

feedback regulatory systems, 2890–2891,

2890f

functions of, 2885, 2890

half-life of, 2886

measurements of, 2883

paracrine control, 2891

resistance to, 2882, 2882t

role of, 2881

secretion of, 2886–2887

serum-binding proteins and, 2886–2887

stimulation tests, 2883

suppression tests, 2883

synthesis and processing of, 2886

transport of, 2886–2887

unbound, 2886–2887

Hormone receptor(s)

characteristics of, 2885–2886

families of, 2885–2886, 2885t

membrane receptors, 2887–2889, 2887f

nuclear receptors, 2887, 2889f

Hormone receptor–directed therapy, 515–516, 532,

543–544. See also specific drugs

Hormone replacement therapy

for hypopituitarism, 2899, 2899t

postmenopausal. See Postmenopausal hormone

therapy

Hormone resistance syndromes, 2882

Horner’s syndrome

in cervical cord lesions, 3446

in lung cancer, 598, 606

ocular manifestations of, 216–217, 228

Horse botfly, 3611

Horse chestnut, 454t

Hospice care, 74, 555. See also End-of-life care

Hospital(s)

funding of, 44–45

patient care in, 3

Hospital-acquired infections. See Health care–

associated infections

Hospital-acquired pneumonia, 947t, 1019,

1267

Hospital Compare (website), 53

Hospitalists, 3

Hospital Quality Initiative, 53

“Hot cross buns sign,” 3433f

“Hot potato” voice, 255

Hotspots, mutational, 501

Hot-tub folliculitis, 138t, 142, 386, 1035, 1289, A1

Hot-tub lung, 1394, 2160, 2160t

Household air pollution, 2172–2173

House mouse mites, 3609

Howell-Jolly bodies

in asplenia, 2711

laboratory identification of, 425, 428f, 434f

post-splenectomy, 463

in splenomegaly, 460

Howship’s lacunae, 3158, 3175

HoxB4, 747

Hox genes, 747

Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome. See Dyskeratosis

congenita

HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal) axis, 2891,

2895, 2956, 2956f

HPeVs (human parechoviruses), 1507, 1507t

HPFH (hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin),

755t, 756, 757t, 762t

HPRT (hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase), 3250

HPRT (hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase)

deficiency, 3251t, 3253

HPT-JT (hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor)

syndrome, 2984t, 2990, 2991t, 3174, 3175

HPV. See Human papillomavirus (HPV)

HPV infections. See Human papillomavirus (HPV)

infections

HRAS gene mutations, 593

H RBC group system, 887t

HRPT2 gene mutations, 3174–3175

HS6ST1 gene mutations, 3015t

HSAN (hereditary sensory and autonomic

neuropathy), 3434, 3485t, 3486

hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein), 1561t

HSD3β-2 gene mutations, 3002, 3003t, 3005, 3005t

HSD17β-3 gene mutations, 3002, 3003t

HSF-1 (heat shock factor-1), 3848

HSP (hereditary spastic paraplegia), 3413–3414t,

3416, 3454

HSV. See Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

HSV infections. See Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

infections

5-HT. See Serotonin

hTERT, 510

HTLV-1. See Human T-cell lymphotropic virus

(HTLV-1)

HTLV-2 (human T-cell lymphotropic virus-2)

infections, 1526

“Huddles,” 3740

Human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping

sickness), 1753

epidemiology of, 1753, 1753f, S12

global considerations in, 1757

prognosis of, 1756

skin manifestations of, 135t, 1754, A1

T.b. gambiense

clinical features of, 135t, 1698, 1700t,

1754–1755, 1961, S6

diagnosis of, 1755, S6, S12

epidemiology of, 1753, 1753f, S12

treatment of, 1708, 1710, 1713, 1755–1756,

1756f, 1756t, S6

T.b. rhodesiense

clinical features of, 135t, 1698, 1699t, 1700t,

1755, 1961, S6

diagnosis of, 1755, 1755f, S6, S12

epidemiology of, 1753, 1753f, S12

treatment of, 1708, 1710, 1713, 1756, 1756t, S6

Human bite-wounds, 1037, 1125, 1127t

Human bocaviruses, 248, 1497, 1511

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

for androgenic-anabolic steroid use disorder,

3026

in carcinoma of unknown primary, 717, 718t

ectopic production of, 721, 722t, 725

in germ cell tumors, 698

in gestational trophoblastic disease, 700–701

in testicular cancer, 690, 693t

as tumor marker, 487t, 690

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation

test, 3011

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) therapy,

3021, 3074–3075

Human evolution, 3671

Human genome, 3639. See also Chromosome(s);

Gene(s)

databases/websites, 3640t

replication of, 3642

structure of, 3639–3642, 3641f, 3642f

Human Genome Project, 3639–3640, 3661

Human granulocytic anaplasmosis, 1429, 1432t,

1437f, 1438, 1739

Human growth hormone. See Growth hormone

(GH)

Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), 1491

Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) infection, 1491

in cancer patient, 564

clinical features of, 1491

differential diagnosis of, 1486t

diseases associated with, 1491

epidemiology of, 1491

exanthem subitum, 134t, 141, 1491, A1

myocarditis in, 1961

reactivation in hypersensitivity syndrome, 412

in transplant recipient

clinical features of, 1141

CNS, 2275

reactivation syndromes, 1139t, 1140, 1143,

1145

timing of, 1138t

treatment of, 1140, 1491

Human herpesvirus-7 (HHV-7), 1491

Human herpesvirus-7 (HHV-7) infection, 1491

in cancer patient, 564

clinical features of, 1491

epidemiology of, 1491

in transplant recipient, 1138t, 1139t, 1140, 1141,

1145

treatment of, 1491

Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) infection, 1491

in cancer patient, 564

clinical features of, 1491

epidemiology of, 1491, 1556

Kaposi’s sarcoma and, 712, 1491, 1556

lymphoid malignancies and, 841, 842t, 1491

primary effusion lymphoma and, 857, 1491

in transplant recipient, 1139t, 1140

treatment of, 1491

Human immunodeficiency virus. See HIV

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex

disease associations with, 2995t, 3649

HLA class I genes, 1551t, 1553–1554, 2714, 2754

HLA class II genes, 1551t, 2714

in transplantation, 897–898, 2326, 2327, 2327f

Human leukocyte surface antigens, 2673–2674t

Human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG), 3021

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV), 248, 249, 1506,

1506t

Human microbiome, 3690. See also Gut microbiota

atopic diseases and, 3698

autoimmune diseases and, 3697–3698

bacteria in, 1348–1349, 1348t, 3692–3693, 3692f

cancer and, 3697

cardiovascular disease and, 3696–3697

circadian rhythms and, 3694, 3810

definition of, 3639

disease states and, 3695, 3695f

drugs and, 3694

genetics and, 3693

in health vs. disease, 3693, 3693f

historical perspective on, 3691

infectious diseases and, 941–942, 3694–3695,

3695f, 3698–3699

influences on, 3693–3694, 3693f

lifestyle and, 3694

in malnutrition, 3696

INDEX

mechanisms of effects of, 3699–3700 I-107

neurologic disease and, 3296

overview of, 3691–3692, 3692f

therapeutic applications of, 3700–3701

vaccine response and, 3699

Human Microbiome Project (HMP), 3691–3692

Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, 135t, 1104,

1432t, 1437

Human papillomavirus (HPV), 698, 1454t, 1498

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, 1498

anal cancer and, 643, 1499

cervical cancer and

mechanisms of, 505

risk factors for, 381, 698–699

screening for, 1502

types associated with, 698, 1499

clinical features of, 1499–1500, 1500f

counseling for, 1503

diagnosis of, S11

epidemiology of, 1498–1499

genetic considerations in, 698

HIV infection and, 1499, 1584

immune response to, 1498

incidence of, 1079

inflammasome mutations in, 2677t

oral cancer risk and, 257

oropharyngeal cancer and, 492, 590, 593, 1499

pathogenesis of, 1498

prevention of, 1500–1501. See also Human

papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine

screening for, 1502

in transplant recipient, 1143, 1146

treatment of, 1464, 1502–1503, 1503t

warts, 260t. See also Condyloma acuminata

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine

for anogenital wart prevention, 381

bivalent, 1500

for cervical cancer prevention, 381, 493, 698

contraindications to, 985t

cross-protection from, 1501

effectiveness of, 492, 493

nine-valent, 1501

precautions for, 985t

quadrivalent, 1500–1501

recommended administration of

in adults, 40t, 984f, 1093

in cancer patients, 557t

in children and adolescents, 493, 1093, 1501,

1502

in people with HIV, 1502, 1564t

in transplant recipient, 1147t

two-dose vs. three-does schedule, 1501

shared decision-making for, 1501

targeting of, 969

virus-like particles in, 1500

Human parechoviruses (HPeVs), 1507, 1507t

Human protoparvoviruses, 1497

Human stem cell leukemic-lymphoma syndrome

(FGFR1-mutated eosinophilia), 863–864,

863t

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1)

carcinogenicity of, 491t, 828

classification of, 1522t

discovery of, 1524

molecular biology of, 1524

structure of, 1522, 1523f

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1)

infections

adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. See Adult

T-cell leukemia/lymphoma

arthritis syndromes in, 1044

clinical features of, S6

epidemiology of, 1524–1525, 1525f, S6

global considerations in, 1524, 1525f

inflammasome mutations in, 2677t

lymphoid malignancies and, 841, 842t

myelopathy, 1525–1526, 3416, 3453

prevention of, 1526

transfusion-transmitted, 896t

in transplant recipient, 1146

treatment of, 1526

in war veterans, S6

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus-2 (HTLV-2)

infections, 1526

Human tetraparvoviruses, 1497

Humidifier fever, 2160t

“Hummingbird sign,” 3389

Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy,

3180. See also Hypercalcemia,

malignancy-associated

Hunner lesion, 325, 330

Hunter disease, 3255t, 3260

Hunt-Hess scale, for subarachnoid hemorrhage,

3354t

Huntingtin, 3422

Huntingtin gene mutations, 3404–3405

Huntington’s disease, 3404

clinical features of, 175, 203, 230, 236, 3375, 3404

etiology of, 3404–3405

functional anatomy of, 189

genetic considerations in, 3302, 3404–3405,

3648, 3651, 3655, 3655t, 3795

genetic testing for, 3665

imaging in, 3405f, A16

pathophysiology of, 3297, 3298, 3302–3303, 3850

prevalence of, 3404

treatment of, 3405

Huntington’s disease–like disorders, 3405–3406

Hu protein(s), 2697t

Hu protein antibodies

in limbic encephalitis, 731f

neurologic syndromes associated with, 728t,

730f, 731

in paraneoplastic autonomic neuropathy, 736

in paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis, 735

in small-cell lung cancer, 599, 728t, 731

Hurler disease, 3255t, 3259

Hurler-Scheie syndrome, 3255t, 3259

Hurler’s syndrome, A15

Hurricanes, 1002, 1008

HUS. See Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)

Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, 3649,

3650t, 3734, 3794

Hutchinson’s sign, 220

Hutchinson’s teeth (incisors), 257, 1410

HV interval, 1883

Hyaline casts, A4

Hyaluronan, 2755–2756

Hyaluronate lyase, 1170f

Hyaluronic acid, 330, 2503, 2855, 2861, 2861t

Hybrid capture, S11

Hybridization, for pathogen identification, 963, 964

Hydatid disease. See Echinococcosis (hydatid

disease)

Hydatidiform mole, 3654. See also Gestational

trophoblastic disease

Hydralazine

adverse effects of, 2847t

edema, 277t

hepatotoxicity, 2584

lupus-like syndrome, 472, 478, 2085

vasculitis, 415, 2816

genetic variations in response to, 476t, 478

for heart failure, 1947, 1948t

for hypertension, 2083t, 2085, 3436

for hypertensive emergencies, 2087t

metabolism of, 467t

for preeclampsia, 3763

Hydrocele, 1779, 1779f

Hydrocephalus

adipsic diabetes insipidus in, 346

after subarachnoid hemorrhage, 3354, 3356

coma in, 188

communicating, 193, 194f

in ependymoma, A16

gait disorders in, 175

in intracranial meningitis, 1110, 1112

in neurocysticercosis, 1791, 1792f, 1793

normal-pressure, 193, 194f, 3375–3376

Hydrochloric acid therapy, for metabolic alkalosis,

367

Hydrochlorothiazide, 905t, 2083t, 2084, 3431t

Hydrocodone, 78f, 81t, 269

Hydrocortisone

for ACTH deficiency, 2901

for adrenal insufficiency, 2972

for adult hypopituitarism, 2899t

for anaphylaxis, 3599

for CAH, 2975, 3004–3005

for candidiasis, 381

for hypercalcemia, 357

for IBD, 2483

for myxedema coma, 2937

for otitis externa, 249

as premedication for rituximab, 575

for thyroid storm, 2942

Hydrodistention, 328, 330

Hydrogen peroxide (H2

O2

), in endothelium, 1801

Hydrogen sulfide exposure/poisoning, 2171t,

3593t

Hydroids, 3605

Hydromorphone, 78f, 81t, 95t, 96

Hydronephrosis, 699, 2373, 2375

Hydrophobia, 1097, 1621, 1621f

Hydrops

endolymphatic. See Ménière’s disease

fetalis, 1496, 1497t

gallbladder, 2647

Hemoglobin Bart’s, 763–764, 764t

Hydrothorax, 276, 324, 2198

Hydroureter, 2373

Hydroxocobalamin (vitamin B12A), 774–775, 3593t,

S4

β-Hydroxybutyrate, 361, 362, 3115, 3133

4-Hydroxybutyric aciduria, 3269t

Hydroxychloroquine

adverse effects of, 2744t

cardiac, 1964

common, 2762t

cutaneous, 391

myopathy, 2847t, 3531t

neuropathy, 3492, 3494t

ocular, 227, 1440, 2746

serious, 2762t

for antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, 2750

for arthritis in Sjögren’s syndrome, 2789

for calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease,

2866

drug interactions of, 1464

for hypercalcemia, 357

for infective endocarditis, 1030t

for malaria prophylaxis, 1734t

monitoring during treatment with, 2762t

overdosage/poisoning with, 3595t

for porphyria cutanea tarda, 423, 3245

for Q fever, 1440

INDEX

I-108 Hydroxychloroquine (Cont.):

for rheumatoid arthritis, 2761, 2762t, 2764

for sarcoidosis, 2836, 2836t

for SLE, 2744t, 2746, 2747

for Whipple’s disease, 1347

2-Hydroxyglutarate (2HG), 522

Hydroxykynureninuria, 3269t

11β-Hydroxylase deficiency

clinical features of, 349, 2080, 2080t, 2958, 3005

diagnostic markers of, 2974t

genetic considerations in, 2080t

pathophysiology of, 2081f

17α-Hydroxylase (CYP17), 2696t

17α-Hydroxylase deficiency

clinical features of, 349, 2080t, 3002

diagnostic markers of, 2974t

genetic considerations in, 2080t, 3002

hypergonadotropic hypogonadism in, 3036

pathophysiology of, 2081f

17β-Hydroxylase deficiency, 3002

21-Hydroxylase (CYP21), 2696t

21-Hydroxylase antibodies, 2994

21-Hydroxylase deficiency

classic. See Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

(CAH)

nonclassic, 3004, 3042

21-Hydroxylase gene (CYP21A2) mutations, 2973,

2974t, 3004, 3005t, 3647

Hydroxyl radicals, 531

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria, 3270t

17-Hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP), 2955f, 2974t

3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency,

2974t, 3002

11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 349, 728,

2958, S1

11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency. See

Syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid

excess (SAME)

17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency,

3002

5-Hydroxytryptophan, 3407

Hydroxyurea

actions of, 543, 760

adverse effects of, 410, 541t, 775

for chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, 861

for chronic neutrophilic leukemia, 859

for CML, 827

for essential thrombocytosis, 808

for hypereosinophilic syndromes, 449, 864

for hyperleukocytosis, 571

interactions and issues, 541t

for polycythemia vera, 805

for sickle cell anemia, 760

Hydroxyzine, 330, 375, 411, 2723

Hygiene hypothesis, 3694–3695

Hymen, imperforate, 3034

Hymenolepiasis diminuta, 1796

Hymenolepiasis nana (dwarf tapeworm), 945t,

1697, 1710, 1794–1795, S12

Hymenoptera venom/sting, 2727, 2728, 3613–3614

Hyoscyamine, 3474, 3590t

Hypalgesia, 169

Hyperabduction maneuver, 2112

Hyperacute rejection, 2326

Hyperaldosteronism

diagnosis of, 350, 2078–2079

familial type I. See Glucocorticoid-remediable

aldosteronism (GRA)

familial types II and III, 349

genetic considerations in, 349, 350

hyperreninemic, secondary, 366

hypertension in, 2074, 2078

hypokalemia in, 349

idiopathic, 349

metabolic acidosis in, 364

mineralocorticoid excess in. See

Mineralocorticoid excess

primary, 349, 350, 2074, 2078–2079, 3531

secondary, 349, 2074

treatment of, 2079

Hyperalgesia, 91, 98, 169

Hyperammonemia, 2555, 3268, 3270t, 3272,

3275t

Hyperamylasemia, 2655, 2656t

Hyperamylasuria, 2656t

Hyperargininemia, 3275t

Hyperbaric medicine, 3623

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy, 3623

adverse effects of, 3623–3624

for altitude illness, 3618t, 3619, 3619f, 3620

for carbon monoxide poisoning, 3627–3628

for chronic wounds, 3625, 3626t, 3627, 3627f

contraindications to, 3624

controversies in, 3628

equipment for, 3623, 3623f

for gas gangrene, 1040, 1224

indications for, 3624–3625, 3625t

for late radiation tissue injury, 3625, 3626t

mechanisms of, 3623, 3624f

Hyperbilirubinemia, 2557

in alcohol-associated liver disease, 2618

approach to the patient, 277, 317f

conjugated

in benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis,

319–320, 2561, 2561t

differential diagnosis of, 318

in Dubin-Johnson syndrome, 318, 2560–2561,

2561t

measurement of, 316

with other liver abnormalities

in acute viral hepatitis, 2575

approach to the patient, 317f, 318

in cholestatic disorders, 319–320, 319t

in hepatocellular disease, 318–319, 319t

in progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis,

319–320, 2561–2562, 2561t

in Rotor syndrome, 318, 2561, 2561t

isolated, 316–318, 317t

in pancreatitis, 2660

pathophysiology of, 316–317

unconjugated

from decreased hepatic bilirubin clearance,

2558

differential diagnosis of, 316–318, 317t

from hereditary defects. See Crigler-Najjar

syndrome; Gilbert syndrome

from increased bilirubin production, 2558

measurement of, 316

Hypercalcemia, 356, 3172

in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, 1525

after kidney transplantation, 2331

aluminum intoxication and, 3182

asymptomatic, 3182

bone turnover–associated, 3181

chronic, 2363–2364, 3182, 3183f

in CKD, 2314, 3181–3182

clinical features of, 163, 357, 2533t, 3173

diagnosis of, 357, 3173, 3183f

differential diagnosis of, 3173, 3182–3183

ECG in, 357, 1830, 1831f, A7

etiology of, 356–357, 356t, 3173, 3173t,

3182–3183

familial hypocalciuric, 357, 2988, 3178,

3667t

genetic considerations in, 3178, 3179f

in hyperparathyroidism. See

Hyperparathyroidism, primary

hypertension in, 2080

hyperthyroidism and, 3181

immobilization and, 3181

of infancy, 3181

lithium therapy and, 3178

malignancy-associated, 722

clinical features of, 723, 3183

clinical syndromes related to, 3179–3180

diagnosis of, 723, 3176f, 3180

etiology of, 722–723, 722t

in lung cancer, 599

mechanisms of, 356, 3179

in metastatic bone disease, 715

in multiple myeloma, 870, 875

pathogenesis of, 722t

treatment of, 723, 3180

in milk-alkali syndrome, 357, 3160, 3182

in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, 346

renal effects of, 2363–2364

in sarcoidosis, 2832, 3180–3181

thiazides and, 3181

treatment of, 357, 3183–3185, 3184t

vitamin A intoxication and, 3181

vitamin D–related, 3180

Hypercalciuria

in Bartter’s syndrome, 350, 3187

hematuria and, 337

hypocalcemic, 3186

loop diuretics and, 349

nephrolithiasis risk and, 2369

Hypercapnia

adverse effects of, 2233, 2233t

coma in, 184

etiology of, 359

in mechanical ventilation, 2233

metabolic alkalosis following, 366

permissive, 367

in respiratory acidosis, 366

Hypercholesterolemia (elevated LDL-C)

approach to the patient, 3147

in metabolic syndrome, 3153, 3156

multifactorial, 3143

pathophysiology of, 3140

primary (genetic) causes of

autosomal dominant, 3139t

autosomal recessive, 3139t, 3141

familial, 479, 3139t, 3140–3141, 3147,

A15

lysosomal acid lipase deficiency, 3139t,

3142–3143

sitosterolemia, 3139t, 3141–3142, 3143

secondary causes of, 3140t, 3144–3145

treatment of, 3156

lifestyle modifications, 3148

pharmacologic therapy

approach to, 3148–3149

ATP citrate lyase inhibitors, 3149

bile acid sequestrants, 3149–3150

cholesterol absorption inhibitor, 3149

for homozygous familial

hypercholesterolemia, 3150

LDL apheresis, 3150

PCSK inhibitors, 3149

statins, 3149

Hypercortisolism, 2915. See also Cushing’s

syndrome

Hyper-CVAD regimen, 831, 831f

Hyperekplexia-3, 3275t

Hyperemesis gravidarum, 292, 2929, 3767

INDEX

Hypereosinophilic syndromes (HES) I-109

clinical features of, 864, 1969, 2165, 3489

diagnosis of, 863t

diseases associated with, 449

idiopathic, 449, 864

pathophysiology of, 449, 1969, 2684

subtypes of, 2165

treatment of, 864, 2165

Hyperesthesia, 169

Hypergammaglobulinemia, 2614

Hypergastrinemia, 2453

Hyperglobulinemia, S1

Hyperglycemia

acute disorders related to

diabetic ketoacidosis. See Diabetic

ketoacidosis (DKA)

hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, 3114,

3115t, 3117

β-agonists and, 355

chorea in, 3406, A16

clinical features of, 3102–3103

hypernatremia in, 346

hyponatremia in, 344

in overdosage/poisoning, 3585

in pancreatitis, 2659–2660

in parental nutrition, 2544

perioperative, 3773

Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, 3036

Hyperhidrosis, primary, 3434–3435

Hyperhomocysteinemia, 924, 2527, 3272

Hyperhydroxyprolinemia, 3269t

Hypericin. See St. John’s wort

Hyper-IgD syndrome, 132

Hyper-IgE (Job) syndrome, 449

autosomal dominant, 2715, S8

autosomal recessive, 2715

cellular/molecular defects in, 446t, 449

clinical features of, 446t, 449, 1037, 2715, S8

diagnosis of, 446t, 2715

monocytosis in, 449

Hyper-IgM syndrome, 2695, 2715–2716, 2715f, 2717

Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D with periodic fever

syndrome (HIDS), 151, 2841t, 2843

Hyperinflation, 266, 2182–2183

Hyperinsulinemia, 3041, 3101

Hyperinsulinism, endogenous, 3133

Hyperkalemia, 352

after adrenalectomy, 2079

in AKI, 2306, 2307t

in CKD, 2313

clinical features of, 353–354

definition of, 352

diagnosis of, 354–355, 354f

drug-induced, 353

ECG in, 353, 1829, 1830f

etiology of, 347, 352–353, 352t

familial, 781

in heart failure, 1938

in HIV infection, 353

in overdosage/poisoning, 3585

rebound, 352

renal effects of, 2363

treatment of, 355

in tumor lysis syndrome, 573

urinary tract obstruction and, 2375

ventricular tachycardia in, 1911

Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HyperKPP), 353,

3519, 3530, 3667t

Hyperkinetic movement disorders, 3400, 3401t

chorea. See Chorea(s)

drug-induced, 3407–3408

dystonia. See Dystonia

gait disorders in, 175

hemiballismus, 3406

myoclonus. See Myoclonus

paroxysmal dyskinesias, 3408

restless legs syndrome. See Restless legs syndrome

tics, 3406

Tourette’s syndrome, 3406

tremor, 3400, 3401t

Hyperleukocytosis, 571

Hyperlipidemia. See Lipoprotein disorders

Hyperlipoproteinemia, type III (familial

dysbetalipoproteinemia), 3139t, 3143

Hyperlysinemia, 3270t

Hypermagnesemia, 3165, 3165t

Hypermethioninemia, 3269t

Hypernatremia, 346

clinical features of, 346–347

diagnosis of, 346f, 347

etiology of, 346, S1

free water deficit in, S1

hypodipsic, 2923, 2923f

treatment of, 345t, 347

Hyperopia, 216

Hyperornithinemia, 3270t, 3275t

Hyperostosis corticalis generalisata (van Buchem’s

disease), 3213–3214

Hyperoxaluria, 2369, 2466, 3269t

Hyperoxic preconditioning, 3623

Hyperparathyroidism

anemia in, 753

familial isolated, 2988

global considerations in, 358

muscle weakness in, 3530–3531

prevalence of, 2884t

primary, 3173

asymptomatic, 3173, 3175, 3176t

clinical features of, 3175–3176

diagnosis of, 3175, 3176–3177, 3176f,

3182–3183

etiology of, 3173–3174

genetic considerations in, 3174–3175, 3174f

incidence of, 3173

in MEN syndromes. See entries at Multiple

endocrine neoplasia

natural history of, 3173

pathology of, 3175

treatment of, 3176–3177, 3176t

screening/testing for, 2884t

secondary, 358t, 2313–2314, 3181–3182

tertiary, 3182

Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor (HPT-JT)

syndrome, 2984t, 2990, 2991t, 3174, 3175

Hyperparathyroid-like syndromes, 3178–3179, 3179f

Hyperpathia, 94, 169, 3435

Hyperperfusion disorders, 2274–2275, 2274f, 2274t

Hyperphagia, 2906, 3084

Hyperphenylalaninemias, 3268, 3269t, 3271

Hyperphosphatemia, 3163

in AKI, 2304, 2306, 2307t, 2308

in CKD, 2314, 3187

clinical features of, 3164

etiology of, 3163–3164, 3163t, 3190

hypocalcemia and, 3189–3190

severe acute, 3190

treatment of, 3164, 3190

tumoral calcinosis in, 3216–3217

in tumor lysis syndrome, 573

Hyperpigmentation, 390

in adrenal insufficiency, 2971, 2973f

diffuse, 391

drug-induced, 391, 410, 412, 412f

etiology of, 390t

in liver disease, 2549

localized, 390–391

in Whipple’s disease, 1346

Hyperplastic polyp, 637

Hyperprolactinemia, 2908

clinical features of, 2908

diagnosis of, 2908, 3059

erectile dysfunction in, 3058

etiology of, 2908, 2909t, 2987

galactorrhea and, 2908

hirsutism in, 3039

hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and, 3016

laboratory investigation of, 2908

prevalence of, 2884t

screening/testing for, 2884t

treatment of, 2909

Hyperprolinemia, 3269t

Hyperpyrexia, 130, 133

Hyperreactive malarial splenomegaly, 1726

Hypersensitivity myocarditis, 1963

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 2160

clinical features of, 2160–2161

clinical prediction rule, 2162

definition of, 2160

diagnosis of, 2161–2162, 2161f, 2162f, A12

differential diagnosis of, 2162

etiology of, 2160, 2160t, 2170

global considerations in, 2162

pathophysiology of, 2160

treatment of, 2162

Hypersensitivity reactions. See also Anaphylactic

reactions

to contrast agents. See Contrast agents

delayed-type, 408–409, 1361–1362, 2700

drug-related. See Drug-induced hypersensitivity

syndrome (DIHS); Drug-induced illness

to human antibodies, 577–578

immediate-type, 2700

to insect stings, 3614

in leprosy, 1387

pathophysiology of, 2722–2723

to transfusions, 894

to vaccine or vaccine component, 983

Hypersensitivity vasculitis, 2815

Hypersplenism, 461, 2630–2631

Hypertension, 2072

after kidney transplantation, 2331

after stroke, 2087

approach to the patient, 2081

in coma, 185

definition of, 2076, 2076t

in diabetes mellitus, 3124, 3127

diagnosis of, 2081, 2081t

diet and, 2521

ECG in, A7

epidemiology of, 2072

genetic considerations in, 2072, 2080t

global considerations in, 1814

high-altitude travel and, 3621

history in, 2081, 2081t

hypokalemic, 350, 2078, 2964, 2965, S1

isolated systolic, 2076t

laboratory evaluation of, 2081, 2082t

malignant. See Malignant hypertension

mechanisms of

arterial pressure, 2072, 2072f

autonomic nervous system, 2073

intravascular volume, 2072–2073

renal, 2072

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system,

2073–2074, 2074f

vascular, 2074–2075

INDEX

I-110 Hypertension (Cont.):

in metabolic syndrome, 2077, 3154, 3156

mineralocorticoid-mediated, 2074, S1

monogenic, 2080, 2080t, 2081f

obesity and, 2077

in paraganglioma, 2079

paraneoplastic, 722t

pathologic consequences of, 2075

cardiovascular, 1814, 2040

cognitive dysfunction, 2075–2076

erectile dysfunction, 3057

heart failure, 1937, 1938, 2075. See also Heart

failure (HF)

peripheral artery disease, 2076

renal, 332t, 2076, 2336t, 2347, A4

stroke, 2075, 2086, 3349–3350, 3349t. See also

Intracranial hemorrhage

physical examination in, 222, 223f, 1818, 2076,

2081

portal. See Portal hypertension

portopulmonary, 2633

in pregnancy, 2080, 2080t, 3762–3763

primary (essential), 2077

progesterone-induced, 2965t

pulmonary arterial. See Pulmonary arterial

hypertension (PAH)

racial differences in complications of, 2072

resistant, 2086

risk factors for, 2072

screening for, 39t

secondary

in acromegaly, 2080

in aldosteronism, 2074, 2078–2079

in coarctation of the aorta, 2079

in Cushing’s syndrome, 2079

drug-induced, 2077t

etiology of, 2077t

in pheochromocytoma, 2073, 2079,

2976

in renal disease, 2077–2078

in renovascular disease, 2078

in sleep apnea, 2079

in thyroid disease, 2080

sodium intake and, 2072

stroke and, 3342t

supine, 156

systolic with wide pulse pressure, 2077t

treatment of, 2082

ACC/AHA guidelines for, 2082t, 2086

ACE inhibitors, 2083t, 2084, 2085

aldosterone antagonists, 2083t, 2084

alpha blockers, 2083t, 2084

ARBs, 2083t, 2084, 2085

behavioral economics in, 3778

benefits of, 2082

beta blockers, 2083t, 2084

blood pressure goals in, 2082t, 2085–2086

calcium channel blockers, 2083t, 2084

carotid sinus stimulation, 2085

catheter-based renal denervation for, 2070

in CKD, 2315–2316

in diabetes mellitus, 3127

diuretics, 2083–2084, 2083t, 2085

lifestyle modifications, 2082, 2082t

in metabolic syndrome, 3156

in polycystic kidney disease, 2353

renal denervation, 2085

selection of, 2085

sympatholytics, 2083t, 2084–2085

vasodilators, 2083t, 2085

in urinary tract obstruction, 2375

vasoconstrictor use in, 262

white coat, 1818, 2077

in women, 3066

Hypertensive emergencies, 2086–2087, 2087t. See

also Malignant hypertension

Hypertensive encephalopathy, 2076, 2086, 3350

Hyperthermia, 103, 147. See also Heat-related

illness

Hyperthyroidism

clinical features of, 163

alopecia, 384

cardiac, 1965

cutaneous, 391, 394

diarrhea, 304

edema, 278

hypercalcemia, 3181

hypertension, 2080

hypokalemia, 348, S1

muscle involvement, 3530

definition of, 2938

in gestational trophoblastic disease, 701

in Graves’ disease. See Graves’ disease

in HIV infection, 1573

vs. myasthenia gravis, 3513

paraneoplastic, 722t

in pregnancy, 3765

Hyperthyroxinemia, euthyroid, 2929, 2930t

Hypertrichosis, 410, 423, 3039

Hypertriglyceridemia

approach to the patient, 3147

definition of, 3138

diagnosis of, 3147

with elevated LDL-C. See Mixed hyperlipidemia

genetic considerations in, 480

with low HDL-C, 3147

in metabolic syndrome, 3153, 3156

multifactorial, 3140

pancreatitis and, 2658–2659, 2663

in parenteral nutrition, 2544

pathophysiology of, 3027

primary (genetic) causes of, 3138–3140, 3139t

secondary causes of, 3140t, 3144

treatment of, 3148, 3156

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 1969

apical, 1970

clinical features of, 1955t, 1971

heart palpation in, 1819

heart sounds/murmurs, 279f, 281, 285,

1821–1822, 1823

syncope. See Cardiac syncope

convergent phenotypes in, 32f

in Danon disease, 1967, 3264t, 3267

diagnosis of, 1970–1971

CMR, 1851, 1853f, A9

ECG, A7

echocardiography, 1970f, A9

initial approach to, 1955t

early interventions for, 3667t, 3668

epidemiology of, 1969

in Fabry disease, 3258

genetic considerations in, 1956t, 1969–1970,

3650t, 3651

genetic testing for, 3667t

incidence of, 1926

mitral regurgitation in, 1996

natural history of, 1797

pathology of, 1969f

pathophysiology of, 1970

prognosis of, 1972

sudden death and, 1926, 1971

treatment of, 1926, 1971–1972, 1971f, 2265t,

A11

ventricular tachycardia in, 1926

Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, 2874

clinical features of, 2875–2876, 3215–3216

clubbing in, 1816, 2675f, 2875–2876, 3215

diagnosis of, 275, 2876

differential diagnosis of, 3216

disorders associated with, 2876, 2876t

familial, 2875

in lung cancer, 599, 2875

pathogenesis of, 275

pathophysiology of, 2874–2875

treatment of, 2876

Hyperuricemia, 3249

in AML, 814

asymptomatic, 3252

classification of, 3250t

complications of, 3251

definition of, 3249

drugs causing, 3249t, 3251

etiology of, 3249–3251, 3249f, 3249t

evaluation of, 3251

in gout. See Gout

in inborn errors of purine metabolism, 3251t

metabolic syndrome and, 3154, 3252

pathophysiology of, 3250t

renal effects of, 2363

treatment of, 2864–2865, 3252

in tumor lysis syndrome, 573

Hyperuricosuria, 337, 3251t

Hypervalinemia, 3270t

Hyperventilation, 368, 2204

Hyperventilation tetany, 3636

Hyperviscosity, 438, 2114

Hypervolemia, 338, 339f, 2306

Hypesthesia, 169

Hypnagogic jerks, 3407

Hypnic headache, 3369

Hypnosis, 3785t, 3788

Hypnozoites, Plasmodium, 1721

Hypoactive sexual desire, female, 3062

Hypoalbuminemia, 278, 336, 341, 1816, 2541, 2555

Hypoaldosteronism, 342, 352t, 353, 364

Hypoalphalipoproteinemia, primary, 3146–3147

Hypobetalipoproteinemia, familial, 3139t, 3145

Hypocalcemia, 357, 3185

after parathyroidectomy, 3177–3178

in AKI, 2306, 2307t

chronic, 3185, 3190

classification of, 3185, 3186t

clinical features of, 358, 1965, 2533t, 3177–3178,

3186t

diagnosis of, 358

differential diagnosis of, 3190

ECG in, 1830, 1831f, A7

etiology of, 357–358, 358t, 3186–3187

genetic syndromes associated with,

3186–3187

global considerations in, 358

hyperphosphatemia and, 3163, 3190

inherited disorders, 2292t, 2293

in pancreatitis, 2660, 3185

pathophysiology of, 3185, 3194

PTH absent. See Hypoparathyroidism

PTH ineffective, 3186t, 3187

in CKD, 3187–3188

with defective vitamin D metabolism,

3188

in pseudohypoparathyroidism. See

Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP)

in vitamin D deficiency, 3188

PTH overwhelmed, 3186t, 3190

treatment of, 358, 3177–3178

Hypocalciuria, 349

INDEX

Hypocaloric nutrition, 2539 I-111

Hypocapnia, 359, 368

Hypochondria, 459

Hypochromia, 425, 432

Hypocretin (orexin), 205, 206f, 209, 236, 3296

Hypocupric myelopathy, 3454

Hypodipsic hypernatremia, 2923, 2923f

Hypoesthesia, 169

Hypogammaglobulinemia

bronchiectasis in, 2173, 2174t

clinical features of, 304

in CLL, 557, 558t, 836

disorders associated with, S8

immunoglobulin replacement for, 565

infectious diarrhea in, 1063

in multiple myeloma, 557, 558t, 565, 869–870

Hypogeusia. See Taste disorders

Hypoglossal nerve, 3280, 3443

Hypoglycemia, 3129

accidental, 3134

approach to the patient, 3134–3135

in cancer, 572–573

clinical features of, 3129–3130, 3130t

in critical illness, 3132–3133

in diabetes mellitus, 3129, 3130–3132, 3131f

diagnosis of, 3134

drug-induced, 3132

endogenous hyperinsulinism and, 3133–3134

etiology of, 3129, 3129t

exercise-induced, 3134

factitious, 3134

in heatstroke, 3637

hormonal defense against, 2890

hormone deficiencies and, 3133

hypothermia in, 3631

inborn errors of metabolism and, 3134

in insulin autoimmune syndrome, 2996

insulin-induced, 2900

with insulin plus glucose, 355

in malaria, 1724, 1733

non–beta-cell tumors and, 3133

in overdosage/poisoning, 3585

in parental nutrition, 2544

pathophysiology of, 3129, 3130t

perioperative, 3773

recurrent, prevention of, 3135

risk factor reduction, 3132

syncope and, 157

treatment of, 3134–3135

tumor-induced, 722t, 724–725

unawareness, 3131

Hypogonadism

acquired testicular causes of,

3017–3018

androgen abuse and, 3026

in cryptorchidism, 3016

diagnosis of, 3020f

erectile dysfunction in, 3057

in hemochromatosis, 3233

in HIV infection, 1573

hypergonadotropic, 3036

hypogonadotropic. See Hypogonadotropic

hypogonadism

in Klinefelter syndrome, 3016. See also

Klinefelter syndrome

prevalence of, 2884t

screening/testing for, 2884t

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, 3013. See also

Androgen deficiency

acquired, 3016

amenorrhea in, 3035–3036

clinical features of, 2901

congenital disorders associated with, 3013–3016,

3015t

delayed puberty in girls and, 3033, 3033t

diagnosis of, 2901–2902

etiology of, 2901

familial, 3014

hemochromatosis and, 3016

hyperprolactinemia and, 3016

idiopathic, 3014

infertility in, 3052

isolated, 2901, 3035

obesity and, 3016, 3085

pathophysiology of, 3013–3014

sellar mass lesions and, 3016

treatment of, 2902, 3021

Hypokalemia, 348

in aldosteronism, 2078

arrhythmia in, 1869

in CKD, 2313

clinical features of, 350

diagnosis of, 350, 351f

in DKA, 3116

ECG in, 350, 1830, 1831f, A7

etiology of, 348–350, 352t

in Gitelman syndrome, S1

in heart failure, 1938

in hyperthyroidism, S1

hyponatremia and, 346

magnesium deficiency in, 350, S1

in mineralocorticoid excess, 2964–2965

in overdosage/poisoning, 3585

renal effects of, 2364

treatment of, 350–352, S1

Hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HypoKPP)

clinical features of, 348–349, 3529–3530

etiology of, 348

familial, 348

genetic considerations in, 348, 3529

thyrotoxicosis and, 2939, 3530, S1

treatment of, 351–352

Hypolipidemia, familial combined, 3139t,

3146

Hypomagnesemia, 3164

after parathyroidectomy, 3178

alkalosis and, 366

arrhythmia in, 1869

clinical features of, 3164–3165

etiology of, 3164, 3165t

familial, 2292t, 2293

genetic considerations in, 3164

hypocalcemia and, 3187

hypokalemia and, 348, 350, S1

hypoparathyroidism and, 3187

primary, 2292t

treatment of, 350, 3165, 3178, 3187,

S1

vitamin D deficiency and, 3165

Hypomelanosis, 387, 389t

Hypomelanosis of Ito (linear nevoid

hypopigmentation), 389

Hypometabolic states, 753–754, 753t

Hyponatremia, 341

in adrenal insufficiency, 2971

after subarachnoid hemorrhage, 346, 3354,

3356

in AKI, 2306, 2307t

chronic, 344, 346, S1

in CKD, 2313

clinical features of, 185, 343–344, 2924

diagnosis of, 342f, 344

differential diagnosis of, 2924, 2925t

etiology of, 343t, 2295f, 2924

euvolemic, 342–343, 2925, 2925t. See also

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis

(SIAD)

exercise-associated, 344

global considerations in, 2925–2926

in heart failure, 1938

hypervolemic

differential diagnosis of, 2925t

disorders associated with, 342, 2924

pathophysiology of, 342

treatment of, 345, 2924

hypokalemia and, 345

hypovolemic

differential diagnosis of, 344, 2925t

disorders associated with, 342, 2924

pathophysiology of, 341–342

treatment of, 2924–2925, S1

with low solute intake, 343

in lung cancer, 599

paraneoplastic, 723

pathophysiology of, 2924

treatment of, 344–346, 345f, 2924–2925, S1

Hypoparathyroidism

acquired, 3187

APS-1 and, 2993, 2994t

APS-2 and, 2995t

chronic, 3187

clinical features of, 3185–3186

diagnosis of, 3176f

etiology of, 358t, 3186t

genetic syndromes associated with,

3186–3187

hypocalcemia and, 357, 358t, 3185–3186

isolated, 3186–3187

muscle involvement in, 3530–3531

transient, 3187

treatment of, 3187

Hypoparathyroidism, deafness, and renal dysplasia

(HDR) syndrome, 3186

Hypophosphatasia, 257, 3214

Hypophosphatemia, 3161

clinical features of, 1965, 2533t, 3162

etiology of, 3161–3162, 3162t

hypercalcemia and, 723

hypokalemia and, S1

osteomalacia and, 725, 3168. See also

Osteomalacia

treatment of, 3162–3163, 3163t

Hypophysitis, 2897, 2994t, 2995t

Hypopigmentation, 386

diffuse, 386

etiology of, 388t, 389t

linear nevoid, 389

localized, 386–387

postinflammatory, 389–390, 389t

systemic diseases associated with, 387–390

Hypopituitarism, 257, 2896, 2898t, 2899t, 3631

acquired causes of, 2897–2898

clinical features of, 2898

diagnosis of, 2898–2899, 2898t

etiology of, 2896–2898, 2896t

treatment of, 2899

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome, 2016

Hypoproliferative anemias, 437, 747–748, 752–753.

See also Aplastic anemia; Iron-deficiency

anemia

Hypoproteinemia, 278

Hypopyon, 2818

Hyposensitization. See Immunotherapy

Hyposmia. See Olfactory disorders

Hypospadias, isolated, 3004

Hyposplenism, 463. See also Splenectomy

INDEX

I-112 Hypotension

in anemia, 432

in coma, 185

in gastrointestinal bleeding, 313

in heatstroke, 3638

in hemodialysis, 2323

in hypovolemia, 341

intracranial, 3376

in malabsorption disorders, 2468t

orthostatic. See Orthostatic hypotension

in shock, 2219, 2220f, 2238

transfusion-related, 891t, 895

Hypothalamic disease/masses

body temperature in, 130, 2906

clinical features of, 2902t, 2906

gliomas, 2907

hamartomas, 2907, A16

hypopituitarism due to, 2896–2897. See also

Hypopituitarism

IgG4-related, 2838t

obesity in, 3085

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, 2891,

2895, 2956, 2956f

Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, 3034, 3034f

Hypothalamic-pituitary-testis axis, 2906–3007,

2907f

Hypothalamic-pituitary vasculature, 2893f

Hypothalamus

developmental dysfunction of, 2896–2897

in energy balance regulation, 3081, 3082f, 3083f

in ovarian function regulation, 3028–3029, 3029f

in sleep onset, 205

Hypothermia, 3630

clinical features of, 3631–3632, 3632t

coma and, 185

diagnosis of, 3632

drug-induced, 3631, 3631t

ECG in, 1830, 1831f

etiology of, 3631

in myxedema coma, 2937

in older adults, 3631, 3633

physiologic changes in, 3631, 3632t

primary accidental, 3630

rewarming strategies for, 3632–3633

risk factors for, 3631t

secondary, 3630

therapeutic, 2263

treatment of, 3633

Hypothyroidism, 2933

amiodarone-induced, 2945

autoimmune. See Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

clinical (overt), 2933, 2936–2937

clinical features of, 163, 2934t, 2935, 2935f

alopecia, 384

anemia, 753

ascites, 323

ataxia, 3423

bleeding, 454

cardiac, 1875, 1965

carotenemia, 2531

carotenoderma, 315

cutaneous, 394, A15

depression, 3547

dyslipidemia, 3144

edema, 278

hirsutism, 3039

hypertension, 2080

hyponatremia, 342

hypothermia, 3631, 3633

muscle involvement, 3530

neuropathy, 3489

obesity, 3085

congenital, 2888, 2926, 2933, 2934t

consumptive, 725

diagnosis of, 2935–2936, 2936f

differential diagnosis of, 2936

diseases associated with, 2935

etiology of, 2933t, 2936

in HIV infection, 1573

iatrogenic, 2936

pathogenesis of, 2933–2935

in pregnancy, 2929, 2937, 3765–3766

prevalence of, 2884t, 2933

radiation therapy-related, 594, 741, 854

screening/testing for, 2884t

secondary, 2936

subclinical, 2933, 2937

in systemic sclerosis, 2783

treatment of, 2936–2938

Hypotonic saline, 347. See also Saline

Hypouricemia, 2292t, 3251t, 3252

Hypoventilation. See also Obstructive sleep apnea/

hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS)

central hypoventilation syndrome, 2204

clinical features of, 2202, 2202t

diagnosis of, 2202–2203

hypoxia in, 273

in obesity, 2203–2204, 3086

pathophysiology of, 2202f

respiratory acidosis in, 366

treatment of, 2203

Hypovolemia, 340

in acute blood loss, 432

in AKI, 2306

AVP levels and, 338, 339f

clinical features of, 340–341

diagnosis of, 341

etiology of, 340–341

in STEMI, 2062

treatment of, 341

Hypovolemic shock

clinical features of, 341, 432

hemodynamic characteristics of, 2236t

hemodynamic patterns in, 2254t

initial assessment of, 2218–2220, 2237

pathophysiology of, 2237

physical examination in, 2238

predictors of fluid responsiveness in, 2219–2220,

2220f

Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT),

3250

Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT)

deficiency, 3251t, 3253

Hypoxemia, 431, 2248, 2660

Hypoxia, 272

adaptation to, 273

in angiogenesis, 523–524, 525f

effects of, 272

etiology of, 272–273

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), 272, 431, 520,

523–524, 2317

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, 184, 2271–2272,

2271f, 3324

Hy’s Law, 2586

Hysterectomy, 696, 699, 700

Hysterosalpingogram, 3051

I

I-309/TCA-3, 2683t

IA-2 (ICA512), 2696t

IABP (intraaortic balloon pump), 2070–2071, 2253,

2256

IAP (inhibitor of apoptosis proteins), 518f, 519

IAPP (islet amyloid polypeptide), 3098

Iatrogenic hypothyroidism, 2936

Iatrogenic polydipsia, 2920, 2922

Ibalizumab, 1588t, 1589, 1591f

I band, of sarcomere, 1803–1804

Ibandronate, 3045, 3204f, 3205

IBD. See Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

IBM. See Inclusion body myositis (IBM)

IBMPFD (inclusion body myopathy with Paget’s

disease and frontotemporal dementia),

3210

IBPN (immune-mediated brachial plexus

neuropathy), 3499

Ibritumomab, 2707t

Y90-Ibritumomab-tiuxetan, 536f, 553

Ibrutinib

actions of, 513t, 544, 545t

adverse effects of, 545t, 739, 742

for CLL, 839

for DLBCL, 847

for lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, 849

for mantle cell lymphoma, 849, 850

for marginal zone lymphoma, 856

for Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia, 876

IBS. See Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Ibuprofen

for acute idiopathic pericarditis, 2021

advantages of, 2449

adverse effects of, 905t, 2861t

drug interactions of, 2861, 2861t

for dysmenorrhea, 3038

for fever, 132–133

for frostbite, 3634t

for gout, 2864l

for migraine, 3362t

for osteoarthritis, 2861t

for pain, 78, 78f, 95t

for postprandial orthostatic hypotension, 3436

for prevention of acute mountain sickness, 3619

Ibutilide, 1872t, 1897, 1905

ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1), 1555,

2791

Icatibant, 2723

IC/BPS. See Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain

syndrome (IC/BPS)

ICD (implantable cardioverter-defibrillator). See

Cardiovascular implantable electronic

devices (CIEDs)

Ice-pack test, 3511

ICF (immunodeficiency with centromere instability

and facial anomalies), 2715, S8

Ichthyosis, in HIV infection, 1575

ICMAs (immunochemiluminometric assays), 2931

Icodextrin, 2323

Icosapent, 3126, 3142t

ICOS gene mutations, 2717

ICP. See Intracranial pressure (ICP)

Icterus, 2549

Ictotest, 316

ICU patient. See Critically ill patient

ICVP (International Certificate of Vaccine

Prophylaxis), 992

Idarubicin, 540t, 541, 814–815

Idarucizumab, 936, 1906, 2099, 3351

IDDM (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus). See

Diabetes mellitus, type 1

Ideational apraxia, 198

Idebenone, 3427

Idecabtagene vicleucel, 874t, 875

Idelalisib

action and targets of, 511, 514t, 550t, 553

adverse effects of, 550t, 739, 839

for follicular lymphoma, 848

INDEX

Ideomotor apraxia, 198 I-113

IDH1/IDH2 gene mutations

2-HG levels and, 3835, 3835f

in AML, 812, 812t, 3794

in cholangiocarcinoma, 653, 654

in chronic eosinophilic leukemia, 863

in glioblastoma, 704

in glioma, 500t, 702

in myelofibrosis, 806

in oligodendroglioma, 705

IDH inhibitors, 520t, 522, 553, 3794

Idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia, 1584–1585

Idiopathic cutaneous vasculitis, 2815

Idiopathic growth hormone deficiency (IGHD),

2899

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). See also

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs)

acute exacerbations of, 2195

clinical features of, 2190t, 2193

diagnosis of, 2190t, 2193, 2193f

with emphysema, A12

etiology of, 2190t

imaging of, A12

lung transplantation for, 2209, 2210

pathology of, 2193, 2194f

treatment of, 2193

Idiotypes, 866

Idioventricular rhythms, 1910, 1911f, 1917. See

also Premature ventricular contractions

(PVCs)

IDLs (intermediate-density lipoproteins), 3135,

3136f

Idoxuridine, 1477

IF (intrinsic factor), 766, 771, 2696t

IFI16 gene, 2677t

IFITM5 gene mutations, 3222t, 3224

IFNL3, 477t, 2598

IFNL3 gene mutations, 2603, 2605

IFNL4, 1552t, 2569

IFN-α. See Interferon-α (IFN-α)

IFN-α2a. See Pegylated interferon-α2a (PEG

IFN-α2a)

IFN-α2b. See Pegylated interferon-α2b (PEG

IFN-α2b)

IFN-γ-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), 2684t

Ifosfamide

actions of, 539

adverse effects of, 540t

cardiotoxicity, 739, 1964

cystitis, 577, 742

hypokalemia, 349

interstitial disease, 2281

long-term, 738t

nausea and vomiting, 554

nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, 346

nephrotoxicity, 2301

neurologic, 539, 571, 711, 711t

pulmonary, 575, 739

for Ewing’s sarcoma, 715

interactions and issues, 540t

for osteosarcoma, 715

for soft tissue sarcomas, 714

for testicular cancer, 693f, 694

Ig. See Immunoglobulin(s)

IgA nephropathy

clinical features of, 2335t, 2339

epidemiology of, 2339

hematuria in, 337

vs. IgA vasculitis, 2339

pathogenesis of, 2339, 2339f, 2685

renal biopsy in, 2339, A4

treatment of, 2339–2340

IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein), 2813

clinical features of, 399, 910, 2281, 2335t, 2336t, 2814

definition of, 2813

diagnosis of, 2814

vs. IgA nephropathy, 2339

incidence and prevalence of, 2813–2814

inflammasome mutations in, 2678t

pathogenesis of, 910, 2814

treatment of, 2814

IGF. See Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)

Ig Fc receptors, 2671, 2679, 2694

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD)

autoimmune pancreatitis, 2666

clinical features of, 2102, 2359, 2837, 2838f, 2838t

epidemiology of, 2838

hypertrophic pachymeningitis, 1115t

pathology of, 2839, 2839f

pathophysiology of, 2839–2840

serologic findings in, 2837–2839

treatment of, 2840

IGHV (immunoglobulin heavy chain) mutation,

728, 834–835, 839t

IgLON5 antibody, 729t, 733

IGRAs (interferon-γ release assays), 147, 1361,

1371, 1395

IKBKAP gene mutations, 3434

IKK (IκB kinase), 515, 956

IKKγ deficiency, 2714

iKNRs (inhibitory NK cell receptors), in HIV

infection, 1550

IL2RG gene mutations, 3686

IL10 gene mutations, 2471, 2472t

IL12B gene mutations, 2472, 2472t

IL17RD gene mutations, 3015t

IL21R-BCL6 gene mutations, 500t

IL21R-RB1 gene mutations, 1394

IL23R gene mutations, 2472, 2472t

IL28B gene mutations, 2569

ILCs. See Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs)

ILDs. See Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs)

Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA), 2486

Ileal resection, 772

Ileal stricture, 2394f

Ileocecal syndrome (neutropenic enterocolitis), 560

Ileorectostomy, 309

Ileostomy, 679

Ilesha virus, 1627t

Ileus

etiology of, 2509, 2509t, 2512

gallstone, 2512, 2648

hypokalemia and, 350

postoperative, 96

treatment of, 2512

Iliopsoas bursitis, 2850, 2851f, 2878

Iliopsoas sign, 2514t

Iliotibial band syndrome, 2879

Iloperidone, 3555t

Iloprost, 2129t, 3634

IMAGe syndrome, 2970t

Imatinib

actions and targets of, 511, 513t, 544, 545t

adverse effects of, 544, 545t

cardiac, 544

common, 825

growth deceleration, 741

hepatic, 544

myopathy, 2847t

pulmonary, 575

serious, 825

for ALL, 832

for CML, 501, 511–512, 513t, 544, 820–821,

823–825, 824t

cost of, 827–828

drug interactions of, 571

for gastrointestinal stromal tumors, 511, 544,

635, 714

genetic variations in response to, 477t, 479

for hypereosinophilic syndromes, 449, 2165

for melanoma, 585

for PDGFR mutated eosinophilia, 863

resistance to, 512, 544, 820–821

for soft tissue sarcomas, 714

Imerslund-Gräsbeck syndrome, 772

Imerslund’s syndrome, 772

Iminoglycinuria, 3275t

Imipenem

for A. baumannii infections, 1277t

actions of, 1165f

adverse effects of, 1158

for anaerobic bacterial infections, 1356, 1356t

for bite-wound infections, 1127t

for Campylobacter infections, 1304

for community-acquired pneumonia, 1018t

for enterococcal infections, 1201t

for febrile neutropenia, 563

for glanders, 1287t

for hospital-acquired pneumonia, 947t

indications for, 1156t, 1158

for intraabdominal infections, 947t

for M. abscessus infection, 1406

for melioidosis, 1287t

for Nocardia infections, 1336t, 1339

for NTM infections, 1405, 1406

for osteomyelitis, 1049t, 1050t

for P. aeruginosa infections, 1287t

for peritonitis, 1056

resistance to, 1156t, 1165f, 1336t

for sepsis/septic shock, 947t, 2248t

for ventilator-associated pneumonia, 1018t

Imipenem-cilastin, 905t, 1152t, 1343t, 1372, 1376t

Imipenem-cilastin-relebactam, 1152t, 1157t

Imipenem-relebactam, 1018, 1287t

Imipramine

adverse effects of, 319, 410, 3542t

for depression, 3542t, 3549

for detrusor spasticity, 3455

for IBS, 2494

overdosage/poisoning with, 3591t, 3592t

for pain, 95t

for sleep enuresis, 213

Imiquimod

for actinic keratoses, 589

for basal cell carcinoma, 588

for cutaneous leishmaniasis, 1747

for extramammary Paget’s disease, 589

for genital warts, 381, 1464, 1502–1503,

1503t

for HSV infections, 1477

for lentigo maligna, 583

for melanoma, 584

Immersion cooling, 3638

Immersion (trench) foot, 3634

Immune checkpoint blockade/inhibitors

adverse effects of

autoimmune conditions, 742, 2996

bullous pemphigoid, 402

colitis, 2480

hepatotoxicity, 2591

nephrotoxicity, 2359

neurologic, 2275–2276, 2825–2826

optic neuritis, 742

pericarditis/myocarditis, 738t, 1963

for breast cancer, 613t, 625

for nonmelanoma skin cancer, 420