Regularity: regular

Rate: 150 bpm

P Waves: are visible

through QRS complexes

but do not appear related to QRS complexes

PRI: none

QRS: 0.28 second; bizarre

configuration

Interp: Ventricular

Tachycardia

8.17

Regularity: totally chaotic

baseline

Rate: cannot be

determined

P Waves: none

PRI: none

QRS: none

Interp: Ventricular

Fibrillation

8.18

Regularity: regular underlying rhythm interrupted

by an ectopic

Rate: 79 bpm

P Waves: uniform; regular

P–P interval

PRI: 0.16 second

QRS: 0.08 second

Interp: Sinus Rhythm with

one PVC

8.19

Regularity: totally chaotic

baseline

Rate: cannot be

determined

P Waves: none

PRI: none

QRS: none

Interp: Ventricular

Fibrillation

8.20

Regularity: first part of

rhythm is regular but

then changes into a

totally chaotic pattern

Rate: 167 bpm (first part

of strip)

P Waves: not visible

PRI: none

QRS: 0.20 second in first part

of strip; cannot be identified in latter part of strip

Interp: Ventricular Tachycardia changing into

Ventricular Fibrillation

8.21

Regularity: regular underlying rhythm interrupted

by ectopics

Rate: 79 bpm

P Waves: uniform; regular

P–P interval

PRI: 0.20 second

QRS: 0.10 second in

underlying rhythm;

0.14 second in ectopics;

ectopics have bizarre

configuration

Interp: Sinus Rhythm with

two unifocal PVCs

8.22

Regularity: regular

Rate: 42 bpm

P Waves: none

PRI: none

QRS: 0.12 second; bizarre

configuration

Interp: Idioventricular

Rhythm

8.23

Regularity: slightly irregular

rhythm interrupted by

ectopic

Rate: approximately

65 bpm

P Waves: uniform; slightly

irregular P–P interval

PRI: 0.18 second and

constant

QRS: 0.14 second in underlying rhythm; 0.16 second in ectopic; ectopic

has bizarre configuration

Interp: Sinus Arrhythmia

(with wide QRS) with one

PVC

8.24

Regularity: totally chaotic

baseline

Rate: cannot be

determined

P Waves: none

PRI: none

QRS: none

Interp: Ventricular

Fibrillation

8.25

Regularity: regular underlying rhythm interrupted

by ectopics

Rate: 83 bpm

P Waves: uniform; regular

P–P interval

PRI: 0.14 second

QRS: 0.12 second in

underlying rhythm;

0.16 second in ectopics;

ectopics have bizarre

configuration

Interp: Sinus Rhythm (with

wide QRS) with two unifocal PVCs

8.26

Regularity: regular

Rate: 37 bpm

P Waves: none

PRI: none

QRS: 0.20 second; bizarre

configuration

Interp: Idioventricular

Rhythm

8.27

564 Answers Key

Regularity: totally chaotic

baseline

Rate: cannot be

determined

P Waves: none

PRI: none

QRS: none

Interp: Ventricular

Fibrillation

8.28

Regularity: irregular underlying rhythm interrupted

by an ectopic

Rate: approximately 60

bpm (underlying rhythm)

P Waves: uniform; regular

P–P interval

PRI: 0.16 second and

constant

QRS: 0.10 second in

underlying rhythm;

0.12 second in ectopic; ectopic has bizarre

configuration

Interp: Sinus Rhythm with

one PVC

8.29

Regularity: regular

Rate: 188 bpm

P Waves: none

PRI: none

QRS: 0.20 second; bizarre

configuration

Interp: Ventricular

Tachycardia

8.30

Regularity: regular underlying rhythm interrupted

by ectopics

Rate: 94 bpm (underlying

rhythm)

P Waves: uniform; regular

P–P interval

PRI: 0.24 second and

constant

QRS: 0.10 second in underlying rhythm; 0.12–

0.20 second in ectopics;

ectopics occur consecutively; ectopics have bizarre configuration

Interp: Sinus Rhythm

with First-Degree Heart

Block, with one PVC and

run of three PVCs

8.31

Regularity: regular

Rate: 167 bpm

P Waves: not visible

PRI: none

QRS: 0.14 second; bizarre

configuration

Interp: Ventricular

Tachycardia

8.32

Regularity: regular underlying rhythm interrupted

by ectopics

Rate: 83 bpm (underlying

rhythm)

P Waves: uniform; regular

P–P interval

PRI: 0.16 second

QRS: 0.10 second in

underlying rhythm;

0.16 second in ectopics;

ectopics have bizarre

configuration

Interp: Sinus Rhythm with

two unifocal PVCs

8.33

Regularity: irregular underlying rhythm interrupted

by ectopics in pattern of

grouped beating

Rate: approximately 30

bpm (underlying rhythm)

P Waves: not discernible;

undulations present

PRI: none

QRS: 0.10 second in

underlying rhythm;

0.14 second in ectopics;

ectopics have bizarre

configuration

Interp: Atrial Fibrillation,

controlled, with bigeminy

of unifocal PVCs

8.34

Regularity: irregular

Rate: 100 bpm (including

ectopics)

P Waves: upright in underlying rhythm; absent in

ectopics

PRI: 0.20 second in underlying rhythm

QRS: 0.08 second in underlying rhythm; 0.14–

0.16 second in ectopics

Interp: Sinus Rhythm with

four multifocal PVCs

8.35

Regularity: totally chaotic

baseline

Rate: cannot be

determined

P Waves: none

PRI: none

QRS: none

Interp: Ventricular

Fibrillation

8.36

Regularity: irregular underlying rhythm interrupted

by ectopic

Rate: 150 bpm (including

ectopic)

P Waves: none visible

PRI: unable

QRS: 0.14 second in

underlying rhythm;

0.18 second in ectopic

Interp: Atrial Fibrillation,

uncontrolled, (with wide

QRS) and one PVC

8.37

Regularity: irregular underlying rhythm interrupted

by ectopic

Rate: 180 bpm (including

ectopic)

P Waves: none visible

PRI: unable

QRS: 0.10 second in

underlying rhythm;

0.14 second in ectopic

Interp: Atrial Fibrillation,

uncontrolled, with one

PVC

8.38

Regularity: irregular in

a pattern of grouped

beating

Rate: 80 bpm (including

ectopic)

P Waves: upright and

uniform

PRI: 0.12 second in underlying rhythm

QRS: 0.10 second in

underlying rhythm;

0.18 second in ectopic

Interp: Sinus Rhythm with

bigeminy of unifocal

PVCs

8.39

Regularity: unable to

determine

Rate: ventricular rate

20 bpm

P Waves: cannot be

mapped out

PRI: none

QRS: 0.18 second

Interp: Idioventricular

Rhythm

8.40

Regularity: slightly irregular

Rate: 150 bpm

P Waves: none visible

PRI: none

QRS: 0.20 second

Interp: Ventricular

Tachycardia

8.41

Regularity: regular underlying rhythm interrupted

by ectopics

Rate: 115 bpm (in underlying rhythm)

P Waves: upright in underlying rhythm

PRI: 0.14 second in underlying rhythm

QRS: 0.10 second in

underlying rhythm;

0.16 second in ectopics

Interp: Sinus Tachycardia

with two multifocal PVCs

8.42

Regularity: irregular underlying rhythm interrupted

by ectopic

Rate: 120 bpm (including

ectopic)

P Waves: none visible

PRI: none

QRS: 0.08 second in

underlying rhythm;

0.16 second in ectopic

Interp: Atrial Fibrillation,

uncontrolled, with one

PVC

8.43

Regularity: totally chaotic

baseline

Rate: cannot be

determined

P Waves: none

PRI: none

QRS: none

Interp: Ventricular

Fibrillation

8.44

Answers Key 565

Regularity: irregular in

a pattern of grouped

beating

Rate: 100 bpm (including

ectopics)

P Waves: upright in underlying rhythm

PRI: 0.14 second in underlying rhythm

QRS: 0.08 second in

underlying rhythm;

0.16 second in ectopic

Interp: Sinus Rhythm with

bigeminy of PVCs

8.45

Regularity: slightly irregular

underlying rhythm interrupted by ectopic

Rate: 75 bpm

P Waves: upright in underlying rhythm

PRI: 0.14 second

QRS: 0.10 second in

underlying rhythm;

0.20 second in ectopic

Interp: Sinus Rhythm with

one PVC

8.46

Regularity: irregular in

a pattern of grouped

beating

Rate: sinus rate 75 bpm

P Waves: upright in underlying rhythm

PRI: 0.14 second in underlying rhythm

QRS: 0.10 second in

underlying rhythm;

0.16 second in ectopic

Interp: Sinus Rhythm

with trigeminy of PVCs

(assuming pattern

continues)

8.47

Regularity: slightly irregular

underlying rhythm interrupted by ectopic

Rate: sinus rate 54 bpm

P Waves: upright

PRI: 0.14 second in underlying rhythm

QRS: 0.08 second in

underlying rhythm;

0.18 second in ectopic

Interp: Sinus Bradycardia

with one PVC (R on T

Phenomenon)

8.48

Regularity: totally chaotic

baseline

Rate: cannot be

determined

P Waves: none

PRI: none

QRS: none

Interp: Ventricular

Fibrillation

8.49

Regularity: regular

Rate: 140 bpm

P Waves: none visible

PRI: none

QRS: 0.16 second

Interp: Ventricular Tachycardia (slow rate range)

8.50

Regularity: irregular underlying rhythm interrupted

by ectopics

Rate: 90 bpm including

ectopics

P Waves: none visible

PRI: none

QRS: 0.08 second in underlying rhythm; 0.12–

0.16 second in ectopics

Interp: Atrial Fibrillation,

controlled, with two multifocal PVCs

8.51

Regularity: totally chaotic

baseline

Rate: cannot be

determined

P Waves: none

PRI: none

QRS: none

Interp: Ventricular

Fibrillation

8.52

Regularity: regular underlying rhythm interrupted

by ectopic

Rate: 68 bpm

P Waves: upright and

uniform

PRI: 0.16 second

QRS: 0.14 second in

underlying rhythm;

0.16 second in ectopic

Interp: Sinus Rhythm (with

wide QRS) with one PVC

8.53

Regularity: totally chaotic

baseline

Rate: cannot be

determined

P Waves: none

PRI: none

QRS: none

Interp: Ventricular

Fibrillation

8.54

Regularity: regular underlying rhythm interrupted

by ectopics

Rate: 115 bpm

P Waves: upright and

uniform

PRI: 0.14 second

QRS: 0.08 second in

underlying rhythm;

0.16 second in ectopics

Interp: Sinus Tachycardia

with two unifocal PVCs

8.55

Regularity: regular

Rate: 167 bpm

P Waves: none visible

PRI: none

QRS: wide and bizarre;

unable to measure

Interp: Ventricular

Tachycardia

8.56

Regularity: regular

Rate: 35 bpm

P Waves: none

PRI: none

QRS: 0.16 second

Interp: Idioventricular

Rhythm

8.57

Regularity: regular underlying rhythm interrupted

by ectopics

Rate: 75 bpm

P Waves: upright and

uniform

PRI: 0.20 second

QRS: 0.08 second in underlying rhythm; 0.14

second in ectopics

Interp: Sinus Rhythm with

two unifocal PVCs, possibly quadrigeminy (if

pattern continues)

8.58

Regularity: slightly irregular

Rate: 130 bpm (including

ectopic)

P Waves: varying shapes

PRI: varies slightly

QRS: 0.08 second in

underlying rhythm;

0.14 second in ectopic

Interp: Wandering Pacemaker (tachycardia

range) with one PVC

8.59

Regularity: P–P regular; regular ventricular

rhythm interrupted by

ectopic

Rate: atrial rate 47 bpm;

ventricular rate 65 bpm

P Waves: upright and

uniform

PRI: P waves unrelated to

QRS complexes

QRS: 0.08 second in

underlying rhythm;

0.16 second in ectopic

Interp: Third-Degree Heart

Block (CHB) with junctional escape focus with

one PVC

8.60

Regularity: totally chaotic

baseline

Rate: cannot be

determined

P Waves: none

PRI: none

QRS: none

Interp: Ventricular

Fibrillation

8.61

Regularity: regular underlying rhythm interrupted

by ectopics

Rate: 107 bpm

P Waves: upright in underlying rhythm; absent in

ectopics

PRI: 0.14 second in underlying rhythm; no P waves

preceding ectopics

QRS: 0.08 second in underlying rhythm; 0.12–

0.16 second in ectopic

Interp: Sinus Tachycardia

with multiple multifocal

PVCs, including a run of

three PVCs

8.62

566 Answers Key

Regularity: unable to

determine

Rate: 10 bpm or less

P Waves: none

PRI: none

QRS: 0.24 second

Interp: Idioventricular

Rhythm

8.63

Regularity: irregular in pattern of grouped beating

Rate: 80 bpm (including

ectopics)

P Waves: upright in underlying rhythm; absent in

ectopics

PRI: 0.16 second

QRS: 0.10 second in

underlying rhythm;

0.16 second in ectopics

Interp: Sinus Rhythm with

bigeminy of PVCs

8.64

Regularity: regular underlying rhythm interrupted

by ectopics

Rate: 83 bpm (underlying

rhythm)

P Waves: upright in underlying rhythm; absent in

ectopics

PRI: 0.16 second

QRS: 0.08 second in

underlying rhythm;

0.16 second in ectopic

Interp: Sinus Rhythm with

multiple unifocal PVCs,

possibly quadrigeminy

8.65

Regularity: regular underlying rhythm interrupted

by ectopic

Rate: 75 bpm

P Waves: upright in underlying rhythm; absent in

ectopic

PRI: 0.20 second

QRS: 0.08 second in

underlying rhythm;

0.14 second in ectopic

Interp: Sinus Rhythm with

one PVC

8.66

Regularity: slightly irregular

underlying rhythm interrupted by ectopics

Rate: 94 bpm (underlying

rhythm)

P Waves: upright in underlying rhythm; absent in

ectopics

PRI: 0.18 second

QRS: 0.08 second in

underlying rhythm;

0.14 second in ectopics

Interp: Sinus Rhythm with

multiple unifocal PVCs,

possibly quadrigeminy

8.67

Regularity: regular

Rate: 150 bpm

P Waves: none

PRI: none

QRS: 0.16 second

Interp: Ventricular

Tachycardia

8.68

Regularity: slightly irregular

underlying rhythm interrupted by ectopic

Rate: 70 bpm (underlying

rhythm)

P Waves: upright in underlying rhythm; absent in

ectopic

PRI: 0.14 second

QRS: 0.10 second in

underlying rhythm;

0.14 second in ectopic

Interp: Sinus Rhythm with

one PVC

8.69

Regularity: regular

Rate: 136 bpm

P Waves: cannot be

determined

PRI: none

QRS: 0.18 second

Interp: Ventricular Tachycardia (slow rate range)

8.70

Regularity: totally chaotic

baseline

Rate: cannot be

determined

P Waves: none

PRI: none

QRS: none

Interp: Ventricular

Fibrillation

8.71

Regularity: regular underlying rhythm interrupted

by ectopics

Rate: 68 bpm

P Waves: upright in underlying rhythm; absent in

ectopics

PRI: 0.16 second

QRS: 0.08 second in underlying rhythm; 0.16

second in ectopics

Interp: Sinus Rhythm with

two unifocal PVCs

8.72

Regularity: unable to

determine

Rate: less than 10 bpm

P Waves: none

PRI: none

QRS: 0.24 second

Interp: Idioventricular

Rhythm ending in Agonal

Rhythm

8.73

Regularity: slightly irregular

Rate: 160 bpm

P Waves: none

PRI: none

QRS: 0.14 second

Interp: Ventricular

Tachycardia

8.74

Regularity: grossly irregular

Rate: 110 bpm (including

ectopic)

P Waves: none

PRI: none

QRS: 0.08 second in

underlying rhythm;

0.16 second in ectopic

Interp: Atrial Fibrillation,

uncontrolled, with one

PVC

8.75

Regularity: slightly irregular

Rate: 160 bpm

P Waves: none mappable

PRI: none

QRS: 0.14 second

Interp: Ventricular

Tachycardia

8.76

Regularity: regular underlying rhythm interrupted

by ectopics

Rate: 68 bpm in underlying

rhythm

P Waves: upright and

uniform

PRI: 0.20 second

QRS: 0.14 second in

underlying rhythm;

0.16 second in ectopics

Interp: Sinus Rhythm (with

wide QRS) with two multifocal PVCs

8.77

Regularity: regular

Rate: 60 bpm

P Waves: uniform; regular

P–P interval

PRI: 0.28 second and

constant

QRS: 0.14 second

Interp: Sinus Rhythm (borderline bradycardia) with

First-Degree Heart Block

(with wide QRS)

9.1

Chapter 9

Regularity: irregular

Rate: approximately

50 bpm

P Waves: not discernible;

undulations present

PRI: none

QRS: 0.10 second

Interp: Atrial Fibrillation,

controlled (bradycardia)

9.2

Regularity: regular underlying rhythm interrupted

by ectopics

Rate: 79 bpm

P Waves: uniform; regular

P–P interval

PRI: 0.20 second and

constant

QRS: 0.08 second in underlying rhythm; 0.12

second in ectopic beats;

ectopic complexes differ

from normal complexes

Interp: Sinus Rhythm with

two unifocal PVCs

9.3

Answers Key 567

Regularity: regular underlying rhythm interrupted

by ectopics in a pattern

of grouped beating

Rate: 50 bpm according

to visible P waves; true

sinus rate is probably

100 bpm

P Waves: uniform; regular

P–P interval

PRI: 0.20 second and

constant

QRS: 0.14 second in

underlying rhythm;

0.14 second in ectopic

beats; ectopic QRSs

have a different configuration than normal QRSs

Interp: Sinus Rhythm (with

a wide QRS) with bigeminy of PVCs

9.4

Regularity: irregular R–R

interval; regular P–P

interval

Rate: atrial rate 300 bpm;

ventricular rate approximately 90 bpm

P Waves: uniform; sawtooth appearance;

regular P–P interval;

more P waves than QRS

complexes

PRI: none

QRS: 0.08 second

Interp: Atrial Flutter with

variable block

9.5

Regularity: regular underlying rhythm interrupted

by ectopics

Rate: 60 bpm

P Waves: uniform; regular

P–P interval

PRI: 0.22 second and

constant

QRS: 0.08 second in underlying rhythm; 0.12

second in ectopic beats;

ectopic QRSs are bizarre

Interp: Sinus Rhythm (borderline bradycardia) with

First-Degree Heart Block

and two unifocal PVCs

9.6

Regularity: regular

Rate: 48 bpm

P Waves: uniform and upright; regular P–P interval

PRI: 0.16 second and

constant

QRS: 0.10 second

Interp: Sinus Bradycardia

9.7

Regularity: regular underlying rhythm interrupted

by ectopics in a pattern

of grouped beating

Rate: atrial rate 300 bpm;

ventricular rate 40 bpm

P Waves: uniform; sawtooth

appearance; regular P–P

interval; more P waves

than QRS complexes

PRI: none

QRS: 0.06 second in

underlying rhythm;

0.12 second in ectopics;

ectopics have bizarre

configuration

Interp: Atrial Flutter with

bigeminy of PVCs

9.8

Regularity: irregular underlying rhythm interrupted

by ectopics in a pattern

of grouped beating

Rate: approximately 40

bpm (excluding ectopics)

P Waves: not discernible;

undulations present

PRI: none

QRS: 0.10 second in

underlying rhythm;

0.14 second in ectopics;

ectopics have bizarre

configuration

Interp: Atrial Fibrillation,

controlled, with bigeminy

of PVCs

9.9

Regularity: irregular

Rate: approximately

120 bpm

P Waves: not discernible;

undulations present

PRI: none

QRS: 0.10 second

Interp: Atrial Fibrillation,

uncontrolled

9.10

Regularity: totally chaotic

baseline

Rate: cannot determine

P Waves: none

PRI: none

QRS: none

Interp: Ventricular

Fibrillation

9.11

Regularity: regular

Rate: atrial rate 300 bpm;

ventricular rate 75 bpm

P Waves: uniform, sawtooth appearance;

regular P–P interval;

more P waves than QRS

complexes

PRI: none

RS: 0.10 second

Interp: Atrial Flutter with

4:1 response

9.12

Regularity: regular

Rate: 150 bpm

P Waves: not visible

PRI: none

QRS: 0.16 second; bizarre

configuration

Interp: Ventricular

Tachycardia

9.13

Regularity: slightly irregular

Rate: approximately

58 bpm

P Waves: uniform; irregular

P–P interval

PRI: 0.16 second and

constant

QRS: 0.16 second

Interp: Sinus Bradycardia

(with wide QRS) and a

slight sinus arrhythmia

9.14