NB ➡

1_ Painless hematuria should raise the suspicion of bladder cancer.

2_ when there's also frequency or dysuria the bleeding mostly from bladder

3_ hematuria that clears during micturation usually arises from urethral.

4_ hematuria all through usually arises from the kidney.

5_ terminal hematuria is also of bladder origin as in case of Bilhariziasis.

Finally

6_ RBCs casts have greater diagnostic importance than any other cast. If present, they help to differentiate hematuria due to glomerular disease from hematuria due to other causes. RBC casts usually denote glomerular pathology e.g. acute glomerulonephritis.

#دمحمد_بهجت_سفيان_medical_biochimestry

Dr

ع

22:48