20
21
22
23
24
25
26
178
Upper Limb Muscles
Muscles of the upper limb
Right lateral view
Upper Limb Muscles
1 Trapezius
2 Deltoid
3 Pectoralis major
4 Biceps brachii
5 Triceps brachii
6 Serratus anterior
7 Teres major
8 Infraspinatus
9 Teres minor
10 Latissimus dorsi
11 Posterior antebrachial muscles
12 Anterior antebrachial muscles
13 Hypothenar muscles
14 Intermetacarpal muscle
Other Muscles and Structures
15 Muscles of mastication
16 Muscles of facial expression
17 Sternocleidomastoid
18 Rectus abdominis
19 External oblique
20 Gluteal muscles
21 Posterior thigh muscles
22 Thoracolumbar fascia
23 Antebrachial fascia
24 Iliotibial tract
1
2
3
5 4
6
7
8
11
14
15
15
16
17
18
19
20
1
2
3
5 4
6
7
8
11
14
15
15
16
17
18
19
20
23
179
Muscles of the upper limb
Posterior view
1
2
5
7
9 8
10
11
12
13
16
17
20
21
1
2
5
7
9 8
10
11
12
13
16
17
20
21
22
23
24
180
The muscles that insert on the scapula and anchor
it to the trunk form an extensive muscular sling.
During development the upper limb annexes these
Scapular Muscles
Muscles of right brachium, shoulder, and chest
Anterior view
muscles from the head and trunk wall. They share the common functional goal of moving the scapula,
stabilizing it, and anchoring it to the axial skeleton. These muscles are some of the larger muscles of the
upper limb, yet produce visibly minor movements of the skeleton. Realize, however, that their major
role is to stabilize and anchor the scapula to the axial skeleton. With the exception of the pectoralis
minor, the nerves that supply these muscles arise from the roots of the brachial plexus.
Scapular Musles
1 Trapezius
2 Levator scapulae
3 Rhomboideus minor
4 Rhomboideus major
5 Serratus anterior
6 Pectoralis minor
7 Subclavius
Other Muscles and Structures
8 Sternocleidomastoid
9 Omohyoid
10 Clavicle
11 Deltoid
12 Coracobrachialis
13 Pectoralis major (cut)
14 External intercostal
15 Internal intercostal
16 Biceps brachii
17 Brachialis
18 Triceps brachii
19 Latissimus dorsi
20 Supraspinatus
21 Infraspinatus
22 Teres major
23 External oblique
24 Rectus abdominis
25 Brachioradialis
26 Extensor carpi radialis longus
27 Serratus posteror inferior
28 Teres minor
29 External oblique aponeurosis
30 Trachea
31 Spine of scapula
32 Greater tubercle of humerus
33 Rib
5
6
7
8 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
23
24
25 26
5
6
7
8 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
23
24
25 26
5
6
7
8 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
23
24
25 26
5
6
7
8 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
23
24
25 26
29
30
181
Muscles of neck, shoulder, and back
Posterior view
5
21
22
22
1
2
3
4
4
8
11
18
18
19
20
21
22
27
5
21
22
28
1
2
3
4
4
8
11
18
18
19
20
21
22
27
5
21
22
22
1
2
3
4
4
8
11
18
18
19
20
21
22
27
5
21
22
28
1
2
3
4
4
8
11
18
18
19
20
21
22
27
31
32
33
33
33
182
Shoulder Muscles - Rotator Cuff
Deep dissection of the right shoulder muscles
Anterior view
The rotator cuff muscles are an important muscle group that play a critical role in stabilizing the
shoulder joint. The four muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis)
have thick, fl at tendons of insertion that form a strong musculotendinous cuff around all but the
inferior aspect of the glenohumeral joint. These tendons are intimately applied to the fi brous
membrane of the joint capsule. Individually each muscle contributes little to the total range of
motion of the humerus at the glenohumeral joint. However, they play a prominent role in stabilizing the joint and positioning and stabilizing the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity. When
the rotator cuff muscles are compromised by injury, the shoulder joint loses stability and
becomes highly susceptible to dislocation.
Rotator Cuff Muscles
1 Supraspinatus
2 Infraspinatus
3 Teres minor
4 Subscapularis
Other Muscles and Structures
5 Biceps brachii
6 Coracobrachialis
7 Triceps brachii
8 Teres major
9 Coracoid process of scapula
10 Superior angle of scapula
11 Inferior angle of scapula
12 Spine of scapula
13 Medial border of scapula
14 Greater tubercle of humerus
6
13
1
4
5
7
8
9
10
11
14
6
13
1
4
5
7
8
183
Deep dissection of the right shoulder muscles
Medial view
Deep dissection of the right shoulder muscles
Posterior view
10
1
1
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
7
7
8
8
9
10
11
11
12
12
13
14
10
13
1
1
2
2
3
4
5
6
8
8
184
Shoulder Muscles - Prime Movers
Shoulder Prime Movers
1 Deltoid
2 Pectoralis major
3 Teres major
4 Latissimus dorsi
Other Muscles and Structures
5 Levator scapulae
6 Rhomboideus minor
7 Rhomboideus major
8 Supraspinatus
9 Infraspinatus
10 Teres minor
11 Triceps brachii
12 Trapezius
13 Spleneus capitis
14 Serratus anterior
15 Pectoralis minor
16 External intercostal
17 Internal intercostal
18 Rectus abdominis
19 Coracobrachialis
20 Biceps brachii
21 Brachialis
22 Posterior scalene
23 Middle scalene
24 Anterior scalene
25 Omohyoid
26 Sternohyoid
27 Sternothyroid
28 Thyrohyoid
29 Sternocleidomastoid
30 External oblique
31 Brachioradialis
32 Clavicle
33 Humerus
34 Spine of scapula
35 Thoracolumbar fascia
36 Linea alba
37 Common carotid artery
The prime movers of the shoulder joint are the muscles that share a common attachment on the
intertubercular groove (pectoralis major, teres major, and latissimus dorsi) and the deltoid muscle.
These large muscles are superfi cial to the muscles of the rotator cuff and form extensive attachments on the pectoral girdle and axial skeleton. Inserting more distally on the humerus then the
muscles of the rotator cuff, they have a better mechanical advantage and produce the major
movements of the shoulder joint. The intertubercular groove muscles also form the anterior and
posterior walls of the axilla. The large pectoralis major forms the anterior wall of the axilla, while
the sheet-like latissimus dorsi and thick, round teres major form the posterior axillary wall.
Muscles of neck, shoulder, brachium, and back
Posterior view
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
34
35
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
185
Muscles of neck, shoulder, brachium, and chest
Anteror view
1
2
4
5
11
12
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
20
21
22 27
23
28
24
29
25
30
31
31
26
37
32
33
36
1
2
4
5
11
12
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
20
21
22 27
23
28
24
29
25
30
31
31
26
186
The anterior muscle
compartment of the
brachium consists of
Anterior Brachial Muscles
three muscles — the coracobrachialis, brachialis, and biceps brachii. The coracobrachialis and
brachialis each cross a single joint, the shoulder joint and elbow joint respectively. The biceps
brachii crosses three joints, the shoulder, and the humero-ulnar and radio-ulnar joints of the
elbow. The muscles share in common the actions of fl exion of the shoulder and elbow. All three
muscles are innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve.
Muscles of the right brachium and scapula
Anterior view
Anterior Brachial Muscles
1 Coracobrachialis
2 Brachialis
3 Biceps brachii - long head
4 Biceps brachii - short head
5 Triceps brachii
Other Muscles and Structures
6 Supraspinatus
7 Subscapularis
8 Teres major
9 Brachioradialis
10 Pronator teres
11 Coracoid process
12 Superior angle
13 Inferior angle
14 Greater tubercle
15 Lesser tubercle
Deep muscles of the right brachium
Anterior view
1
1
2
3
3
4
4
5
6
7
8
9 9
11 12
13
14
14
15
10
1
1
2
6
7
8
9
187
Muscles of the right brachium and scapula
Posterior view
The three headed triceps
brachii muscle is the sole
muscle of the posterior
Posterior Brachial Muscles
compartment of the brachium. This large muscle extends the shoulder and elbow joints and is innervated
by the radial nerve.
Posterior Brachial Muscles
1 Triceps brachii - medial head
2 Triceps brachii - lateral head
3 Triceps brachii - long head
4 Biceps brachii - long head
5 Beceps brachii - short head
6 Brachialis
Other Muscles and Structures
7 Supraspinatus
8 Infraspinatus
9 Teres minor
10 Teres major
11 Humerus
12 Greater tubercle
13 Spine of scapula
14 Brachail artery
Transverse section of right midbrachim
Inferior view
1
2
3
4
5
6
11
11
12
13
1
8
9
10
14
7 8
2
3
1
2
7
8
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
11
188
The muscles of the
anterior antebrachium form three
Anterior Antebrachial Muscles
distinct muscle layers. The superfi cial group has four superfi cial muscles (pronator teres, fl exor carpi
radialis, palmaris longus, and fl exor carpi ulnaris) covering the intermediate fl exor digitorum superfi cialis.
All fi ve of these muscles share a common attachment on the medial epicondyle of the humerus. The three
deep muscles (fl exor digitorum profundus, fl exor pollicis longus, and pronator quadratus) do not cross
the elbow joint. Other than the two pronators, all the muscles are fl exors of either the wrist or digits. The
median nerve innervates all but the fl exor carpi ulnaris and the ulnar half of the fl exor digitorum profundus,
both of which are supplied by the ulnar nerve.
Superfi cial muscles of the right antebrachium
Anterior view, hand pronated
Anterior Antebrachial Muscles
1 Pronator teres
2 Flexor carpi radialis
3 Palmaris longus
4 Flexor carpi ulnaris
5 Flexor digitorum superficialis
6 Flexor digitorum profundus
7 Flexor pollicis longus
8 Pronator quadratus
Other Muscles and Structures
9 Brachialis
10 Palmar aponeurosis
11 Brachial artery
12 Radial artery
13 Ulnar artery
14 Anterior interosseous artery
15 Interosseous membrane
16 Abductor pollicis brevis
17 Flexor pollicis brevis
18 Lumbricals
19 Adductor pollicis
20 Flexor digiti minimi brevis
21 Abductor digiti minimi
22 Palmaris brevis
23 Supinator
24 Superficial transverse metacarpal ligament
20
1
2
3
4
5
7
8
10
16
17
22
24
20
1
2
3
4
5
7
8
10
16
17
22
24
189
Deep muscles of the right antebrachium
Anterior view, superficial muscles removed and hand pronated
Deep muscles of the right antebrachium
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