Contents
Prerequisites for Practical Examination and Common
Examination Cases
General Examination
Case Sheet Format
Vitals Examination
Physical Examination
Anthropometry
Respiratory System Examination
Case Sheet Format
Diagnosis Format
Discussion on Cardinal Symptoms
Discussion on Examination
Summary of Findings in Common Respiratory Diseases
Cardiovascular System Examination
Case Sheet Format
Diagnosis Format
Discussion on Cardiac Cycle
Discussion on Cardinal Symptoms
Discussion on Examination
Summary of Findings in Common Cardiovascular Diseases
Gastrointestinal System
Case Sheet Format
Diagnosis Format
Discussion on Cardinal Symptoms
Discussion on Examination
Nervous System
Case Sheet Format
Diagnosis Format
Discussion on Cardinal Symptoms
Discussion on Examination
General Examination in Neurology
Higher Mental Functions
Cranial Nerves
Motor System Examination
Reflexes
Sensory System Examination
Cerebellum and Coordination
Gait
Approach to Involuntary Movements
Meningeal Signs, Skull, and Spine
Approach to Common Neurological Cases
Rheumatology
Case Sheet Format
Diagnosis Format
Discussion on Symptommatology and Examination
Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
Case Sheet Format
Diagnosis Format
Discussion
Approach to Psychiatric Illness
Case Sheet Format
Diagnosis Format
Discussion on Examination
Discussion on Diseases and Diagnostic Criteria
10.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Semilong Cases
Diabetes Mellitus
Hypertension
Chronic Kidney Disease
Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Cushing’s Syndrome
Acromegaly
Simplified Approach to Ecg (Reading and Diagnosis)
A Systematic Approach to Chest X-rays
Basic instruments in Viva
Spotters
Annexures
Miscellaneous topics
Definitions
Grading Systems
Laboratory Values of Clinical Importance
Index
Abbreviations
°C : Degree celcius
°F : Degree Farenheit
ALL : Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
ABPA : Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
ACS : Acute coronary syndrome
ACR : American college of Rheumatology
ARF : Acute renal failure
ADHD : Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
ADR : Adverse drug reaction
ARDS : Acute respiratory distress syndrome.
AGN : Acute glomerulonephritis
AION : Anterior ischemic optic neuritis
AKI : Acute kidney injury
ALL : Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
ASCVD : Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
ACD : Anaemia of chronic disease
ADC : Apparent diffusion coefficient
ACA : Anterior cerebral artery
ACE : Addenbrooke’s cognitive examination
ACEI : Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor
ARB : Angiotensin receptor blocker
ACTH : Adrenocorticotropic hormone
ADHF : Acute decompensated heart failure
AEM : Ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring
AI : Aortic insufficiency
AIDP : Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
AF : Atrial fibrillation
AICA : Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
AICD : Automated implantable cardioverter defibrillator
AML : Acute myeloid leukemia
ANS : Autonomic nervous system
ARVD : Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia
ASD : Atrial septal defect
AVF : Arteriovenous fistula
AVM : Arteriovenous malformation
AVR : Aortic valve replacement
AVRT : Atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia
AVNRT : AV nodal re-etrant tachycardia
APB : Atrial premature beat
ALS : Amyotropic lateral sclerosis
ADL : Activities of daily living
ACPA : Anticitrullinated protein antibody
APLA : Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
AP : Anteroposterior
Bx : Biopsy
BAL : Bronchoalveolar concentration
B/L : Bilateral
BIH : Benign intracranial hypertension
BAV : Bicuspid aortic valve
BBB : Bundle branch block
BC : Bone conduction/blood culture
BCAT : Brief cognitive assessment tool
BER : Benign early repolarization
BLS : Basic life support
BSA : Body surface area
BP : Blood pressure
BT : Bleeding time
BUN : Blood urea nitrogen
BM : Bone marrow
BMI : Body mass index
BMV : Bag and mask ventilation/balloon mitral valvotomy
BVP : Biventricular pacing
B-ALL : B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
BADL : Basic activities of daily living
CRP : C-reactive protein
CXR : Chest X-ray
CCA : Common carotid artery
C/L : Contralateral
CMT : Charcot Marie tooth Disease
CN : Cranial nerve
C/O : Complaints of
CT : Computed tomography
CAMCOG : Cambridge cognitive examination
COST : Cognitive state test
CPR : Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
CCF : Congestive cardiac failure
CHF : Congestive heart failure
CBC : Complete blood count
CBD : Common bile duct
CHB : Complete heart block
CKD : Chronic kidney disease
CIDP : Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
CLD : Chronic liver disease
CLL : Chronic lymphoid leukemia
CML : Chronic myeloid leukemia
CMV : Cytomegalovirus
CNS : Central nervous system
CVA : Cerebrovascular accident
CNS : Central nervous system
CABG : Coronary artery bypass graft
CAD : Coronary artery disease
CAUTI : Catheter associated UTI
CBE : Clinical breast examination
CRF : Chronic renal failure
COPD : Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CCCU : Critical coronary care unit
CCS : Canadian cardiovascular society
CVS : Cardiovascular system
CVP : Central venous pressure
CP angle : Cerebellopontine angle
CPB : Cardiopulmonary bypass
CDC : Centers for disease control and prevention
CDAI : Clinical disease activity index
CGA : Comprehensive geriatric assessment
CSF : Cerebrospinal fluid
DDx or D/D : Differential diagnosis
DPI : Dry powder inhaler
DIC : Disseminated intravascular coagulation
DIP joint : Distal interphalangeal joint
DKA : Diabetic ketoacidosis
DLCO : Diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide
DM : Diabetes mellitus
DR : Diabetic retinopathy
DNR : Do not resuscitate
DTR : Deep tendon reflex
DTA : Descending thoracic aorta
DSM : Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
DVT : Deep venous thrombosis
DLE : Disseminated lupus erythematosus
DAS : Disease activity score
DWI : Diffusion weighted imaging
ECA : External carotid artery
EAT : Ectopic atrial tachycardia
ECG : Electrocardiogram
ECF : Extracellular fluid
ECHO : Echocardiogram
ECMO : Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
EPS : Extrapyramidal system
EF : Ejection fraction
EM : Erythema multiforme
ECD : Endocardial cushion defects
EDH : Extradural hematoma
EOM : Extraocular muscles/movement
EPO : Erythropoietin
EDM : Early diastolic murmur
ESM : Ejection systolic murmur
ESRD : End-stage renal disease
ET : Endotracheal tube
ESV : End-systolic volume
EULAR : European league against rheumatism
FMS : Fibromyalgia syndome
FBS : Fasting blood sugar
FEV1 : Forced expiratory volume in first second
FTT : Failure to thrive
FVC : Forced vital capacity
GI : Gastrointestinal
GBS : Guillain–Barré syndrome
GCS : Glasgow coma scale
GERD : Gastroesophageal reflux disease
GH : Growth hormone
Hb : Hemoglobin
HMF : Higher mental functions
HOCM : Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
HBV : Hepatitis B virus
HL : Hodgkin lymphoma
HUS : Hemolytic uremic syndrome
HAI : Hospital acquired infection
HE : Hepatic encephalopathy
HDS : Hemodynamically stable
HIT : Heparin induced thrombocytopenia
HCC : Hepatocellular carcinoma
HTN : Hypertension
HIV/AIDS : Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
HDL : C-High density lipoprotein cholesterol
HD : Huntington’s disease
IADL : Instrumental activities of daily living
IP joint : Interphalangeal joint
IGF : Insulin-like growth factor 1
ICA : Internal carotid artery
ICD : Intercostal drain
ICS : Intercostal space/inhaled corticosteroid
ICH : Intracerebral hemorrhage
IVH : Intraventricular hemorrhage
INO : internuclear ophthalmoplegia
INR : International normalized ratio
ICP : Intracranial pressure
IBD : Inflammatory bowel disease
IBS : Irritable bowel syndrome
IDDM : Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus—Type 1 diabetes
ICSOL : Intracranial space occupying lesion
IHD : Ischemic heart disease
IJV : Internal jugular vein
ILD : Interstitial lung disease
IMN : Infectious mononucleosis
IVC : Inferior vena cava
INH : Isoniazid
IPPV : Intermittent positive pressure ventilation
ITP : Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
IV : Intravenous
JME : Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
JRA : Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
JVP : Jugular venous pressure
KUB : Kidney, ureters and bladder
KDIGO : Kidney disease improving global outcomes
KF Ring : Kayser fleischer ring
LSM : Late systolic murmur
LV : Left ventricle
LVH : Left ventricular hypertrophy
L\A : Local anesthetic
LDL : C-Low density lipoprotein cholesterol
LP : Lumbar puncture
LMN : Lower motor neuron
LVE : Left ventricular enlargement
LVF : Left ventricular failure
LOC : Loss of consciousness
LQTS : Long QT syndrome
LGIB : Upper gastrointestinal bleed
MAP : Mean arterial pressure
MAT : Multifocal atrial tachycardia
MoCA : Montral cognitive assessment
MMSE : Mini-mental state examination
MCA : Middle cerebral artery
MCP joint : Metacarpophalangeal joint
MDS : Myelodysplastic syndrome
MDM : Mid-diastolic murmur
MLF : Medial longitudinal fasciculus
MND : Motor neuron disease
MS : Mitral stenosis/multiple sclerosis
MVP : Mitral valve prolapse
MVR : Mitral valve replacement
MSA : C-Multisystem atrophy—cerebellar
MSA : P-Multisystem atrophy—Parkinson’s
MCTD : Mixed connective tissue disease
MI : Myocardial infarction
MRC : Medical research council
mMRC : Modified medical research council
MRI : Magnetic resonance imaging
MDI : Metered dose inhaler
MODS : multiorgan dysfunction syndrome
NHL : Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
NASH : Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
NCV : Nerve conduction velocity
NMJ : Neuromuscular junction
NPPV : Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation
NPH : Normal pressure hydrocephalus
NTS : Nucleus Tractus solitarius
REM : Rapid eye movement
NREM : Non rapid eye movement
NST : Non-stress test
NSTEMI : Non-ST-Elevation myocardial infarction
NSAIDs : Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
NYHA : New York heart association
NG Tube : Nasogastric tube
O/E : On examination
OSA : Obstructive sleep apnea
OA : Osteoarthritis
OP : Organophosphorus
PA : Posteroanterior
PAN : Polyarteritis nodosa
PDA : Patent ductus arteriosus
PAH : Pulmonary Artery Hypertension
PCI : Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
PCA : Posterior cerebral artery
PCV : Packed Cell Volume
PCWP : Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure
PD : Parkinson’s Disease
PE : Pulmonary Embolism
PEEP : Positive End Expiratory Pressure
PEFR : Peak Expiratory Flow Rate
PAH : Pulmonary Artery Hypertension
PIP Joint : Proximal interphalangeal joint
PICA : Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
PLS : Progressive Lateral Sclerosis
PND : Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea
PUO/FUO : Pyrexia (fever) of Unknown Origin
PVC : Premature Ventricular Contractions
pO2
/paO2
: Partial pressure of oxygen
paCO2
: Partial pressure of carbon dioxide
PMI : Point of maximal impulse
PPBS : Post-prandial Blood Sugars
qSOFA : Quick sequential organ failure assessment
QSART : Quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test
RA : Rheumatoid Arthritis
RF : Rheumatoid factor
RAI scan : Radioactive iodine scan
RAS : Reticular activating system
RAPD : Relative apparent pupillary defect
RCM : Restrictive cardiomyopathy
RCC : Renal cell carcinoma
RDW : Red cell distribution width
RS : Respiratory system
RSOV : Ruptured sinus of valsalva
RHD : Rheumatic heart disease
RLN : Recurrent laryngeal nerve
RR : Respiratory rate
RV : Right ventricle
RVH : Right ventricular hypertrophy
RVF : Right ventricular failure
REMS : Regional examination of musculoskeletal system
SAAG : Serum–ascites albumin gradient
SAH : Subarachnoid hemorrhage
SACD : Subacute combined degeneration of cord
SANRT : Sinoatrial node re-entrant tachycardia
SLRT : Straight leg raise test
SOFA : Sequential organ failure assessment
SIRS : Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
SSPE : Subacute sclerosing pan-encephalitis
SDAI : Simplified disease activity index
STMS : Short test of Mental status
SV : Stroke volume
SVT : Supraventricular tachycardia
SMA : Spinal muscular atrophy
SDH : Subdural haematoma
SCM : sternocleidomastoid
SLE : Systemic lupus erythematosus
STEMI : ST-Elevation myocardial infarction
SVC : Superior vena cava
SSR : Sympathetic skin response
SLICC : Systemic lupus international collaborating clinics
TAPVC : Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
TIA : Transient ischemic attack
TB : Tuberculosis
TBI : Traumatic brain injury
TIN : Tubulointerstitial nephritis
TG : Triglycerides
TST : Thermoregulatory sweat test
TMJ : Temporomandibular joint
TSH : Thyroid stimulating hormone
U/L : Unilateral
UA : Unstable angina
UMN : Upper motor Neuron
UIP : Usual interstitial pneumonitis
UGI : Upper gastrointestinal
UGIB : Upper gastrointestinal bleed
URTI : Upper respiratory tract infection
UTI : Urinary tract infection
US/USG : Ultrasonogram
VA : Visual acuity
VAP : Ventilator acquired pneumonia
VC : Vital capacity
VDRL : Venereal disease research laboratory
VPC : Ventricular premature contractions
VSD : Ventricular septal defect
VT : Ventricular tachycardia
V/Q scan/ratio: Ventilation/perfusion
VUR : Vesicouretreric reflux
WHO : World health organisation
WPW : Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome
ZES : Zollinger ellison syndrome
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