ABSTRACT

Studies focusing on natural products have been conducted worldwide, and the results suggest that their natural ingredients effectively treat a wide range of illnesses. Baicalin (BIA) is a glycoside derived from the flavonoid baicalein present in Scutellaria baicalensis of the Lamiaceae family. Interestingly, BIA has been shown to protect the lungs in several animal models used in numerous studies. Therefore, we fully analyzed the data of the studies that focused on BIA's lung protective function against various injuries and included them in this review. Interestingly, BIA exhibits promising effects against acute lung injury, lung fibrosis, pulmonary embolism, and lung remodelling associated with COPD, LPS, and paraquat insecticide. BAI exhibits anticancer activity against lung cancer. Additionally, BIA potently attenuates lung damage associated with infections. BIA primarily exerts its therapeutic effects by suppressing inflammation, oxidative stress immune response, and apoptosis pathways. Nrf2/HO-1, PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, STAT3, MAPKs, TLR4, and NLRP3 are important targets in the pulmonary therapeutic effects of BIA on different lung disease models. Consequently, we recommend using it in future potential clinical applications, its contribution to treatment guidelines, and translating its promising effects to clinical practice in lung diseases.

PMID:37725153 | DOI:10.1007/s00210-023-02704-1

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PubMed articles on: Cancer & VTE/PE

Risk of thromboembolic events associated with different multiple myeloma regimens in Taiwan: a nested case-control study

J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2023 Nov;56(4):578-587. doi: 10.1007/s11239-023-02887-7. Epub 2023 Sep 22.

ABSTRACT

Although novel agents for multiple myeloma (MM) have a better response rate and survival in both newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory MM patients, concerns regarding the association between MM treatments and thromboembolic events have been raised. The aim of this population-based study was to examine the association between different combinations of MM treatments and the risk of thromboembolic events. We conducted a nested case-control study using the Taiwan Cancer Registry (TCR) and National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). Adult patients newly diagnosed with MM and treated with at least one of the immunomodulatory agents between 2008 and 2016 were identified. Among them, we further identified patients who developed thromboembolic events as cases and selected controls matched by age, sex and duration of MM diagnosis at a ratio of 1:5. The index date was defined as the day one year before the diagnosis date of thromboembolic events in the case group and the corresponding date in the control group. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine the association between different MM treatment regimens and the risk of thromboembolic events. A total of 4,180 newly diagnosed MM patients treated with at least one of the immunomodulatory agents were identified (mean age: 67.2 years; male: 55.7%). In this MM cohort, we further identified 388 cases and 1,940 matched controls (mean age: 71 years; male: 64.2%). The use of a thalidomide/bortezomib/steroid combination (odds ratio (OR) 2.95 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.47-5.95]), thalidomide monotherapy (OR 3.33; 95% CI, 1.59-6.94), and a thalidomide/steroid combination (OR 4.24; 95% CI, 2.00-8.98) were associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic events. Other risk factors, particularly a history of thromboembolic events, including ischemic heart disease and pulmonary embolism, were significantly associated with increased risk of thromboembolic events. We found that the use of thalidomide alone and in specific combinations was associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic events.

PMID:37737970 | DOI:10.1007/s11239-023-02887-7

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PubMed articles on: Cancer & VTE/PE

The Impact of Type 2 Myocardial Infarction in Acute Pancreatitis: Analysis of 1.1 Million Hospitalizations and Review of the Literature

Cureus. 2023 Aug 25;15(8):e44113. doi: 10.7759/cureus.44113. eCollection 2023 Aug.

ABSTRACT

Introduction Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common inflammatory disorder with acute onset and rapid progression. Studies have reported cardiac injury in patients with AP. It is often thought that stress cardiomyopathy can induce these changes leading to type 2 myocardial infarction (type 2 MI) in AP. Our study aims to assess the prevalence as well as the impact of type 2 MI on outcomes in patients with AP. Methods National Inpatient Sample (NIS) 2016-2020 was used to identify adult patients (age>18) with acute pancreatitis. We excluded patients with STEMI, NSTEMI, pancreatic cancer, or chronic pancreatitis. Patients with missing demographics and mortality were also excluded. Patients were stratified into two groups, based on the presence of type 2 MI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the impact of concomitant type 2 MI on mortality, sepsis, acute kidney injury (AKI), ICU admission, deep venous thrombosis (DVT), and pulmonary embolism (PE) after adjusting for patient demographics, hospital characteristics, etiology of AP and the Elixhauser comorbidities. Results Of the 1.1 million patients in the study population, only 2315 patients had type 2 MI. The majority of the patients in the type 2 MI group were aged >65 years (49.2%, p<0.001),<0.001),<0.001),<0.001),<0.001),<0.001)<0.001).<0.001).<0.001)<0.001).

PMID:37750110 | PMC:PMC10518190 | DOI:10.7759/cureus.44113

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PubMed articles on: Cancer & VTE/PE

Long-term risk of venous thromboembolism among patients with gastrointestinal non-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases: A prospective cohort study of 484 211 individuals

Am J Hematol. 2023 Sep 27. doi: 10.1002/ajh.27106. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

We conducted a prospective cohort study to examine the associations of 21 gastrointestinal diseases with the risk of incident venous thromboembolism (VTE). The study included 485 936 UK Biobank participants free of baseline VTE. The gastrointestinal diseases were defined by the International Classification of Disease (ICD)-9 and 10 codes with data from the nationwide inpatient data set, the primary care data set, and the cancer registries. Incident VTE cases were defined by ICD-9 and 10 codes with data from the nationwide inpatient data set. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the associations of baseline gastrointestinal diseases with incident VTE risk. During a median follow-up of 12.0 years, 13 646 incident VTE cases were diagnosed. Eleven gastrointestinal diseases (nine non-neoplastic and two neoplastic) were associated with an increased risk of incident VTE after Bonferroni corrections. The risk of VTE was >50% higher among patients with gallbladder and biliary tract cancer (hazard ratio [HR] 3.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 95% CI 1.74-5.70), pancreatic cancer (HR 2.84, 95% CI 1.65-4.91), cirrhosis (HR 2.34, 95% CI 1.96-2.79), Crohn's disease (HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.33-1.95), or pancreatitis (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.31-1.88) compared with individuals without each of these diseases. We observed multiplicative interactions of age, sex, and body mass index with some gastrointestinal diseases (p < .05). A more pronounced, increased risk of VTE was found among younger, female, or obese patients. The study suggests a 50% higher risk of developing VTE among patients with gallbladder and biliary tract cancer, pancreatic cancer, cirrhosis, Crohn's disease, or pancreatitis.

PMID:37753710 | DOI:10.1002/ajh.27106

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PubMed articles on: Cancer & VTE/PE

Increased risk of venous and arterial thromboembolism in patients with colorectal cancer receiving cetuximab-based combination chemotherapy: A population-based study in Korea

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PubMed articles on: Cancer & VTE/PE

D-Dimers Variability in the Perioperative Period of Breast Cancer Surgery Helps to Predict Cancer Relapse: A Single-Centre Prospective Study

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PubMed articles on: Cancer & VTE/PE

Impact of pegaspargase dose capping on incidence of pegaspargase-related adverse events in adults

J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2023 Sep 20:10781552231202217. doi: 10.1177/10781552231202217. Online ahead of print.