Pyrrolidone, 633

2-Pyrrolidone, 633

Quammonium, 152

Quassin, 224

Quaternary ammonium compounds benzalkonium chloride, 61

benzethonium chloride, 64

cetrimide, 152

imidurea, 359 incompatibilities

anionic emulsifying wax, 807 nonionic emulsifying wax, 815 talc, 768

Quaternium 18-hectorite, 319

(R)-(-)-2-Hydroxypropionic acid, 381

R-227, 321

Racementhol, 459 Racemic lactic acid, 381

Racemic menthol, 459–460

Raffinose, 635

D-Raffinose, 635

Raftiline, 362

Rape oil, 109

Rapeseed oil, 109

alternatives, olive oil, 109 erucic acid, 108–109

Rayon, 790

RC Plasticizer DBP, 234 Red ferric oxide, 364 Refined almond oil, 31

Refined bleached shellac, 649 Refined corn oil, 204

Refined cottonseed oil, 206 Refined maize oil, 204 Refined olive oil, 498

Refined olive-pomace oil, 499 Refined sesame oil, 646 Refined soya oil, 722

Refined soya-bean oil, 722 Refined sugar, 744 Refined sunflower oil, 760 Refined wax, 819

Refined wool fat, 399 Refrigerants

dimethyl ether, 246

nomenclature, 176

refrigerant 22, 175

refrigerant 134a, 772

refrigerant 142b, 174

refrigerant 152a, 242 Regular bleached shellac, 649 Rehydragel, 36

Rehydraphos, 40

Repeftal, 248

Resorcinol, 476, 512

Rhodiarome, 276

Rhodigel, 821

Rhovanil, 798

(R)-(+)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid, 437

Riboflavin, 56

Rice starch, 725

Rice*Trin, 442

Ricini oleum hydrogenatum, 130 Ricini oleum virginale, 128 Ricinoleic acid, 128

Ricinoleum, 128

Ricinus communis, 128

Ricinus oil, 128

Rimso-50, 250

Rita CA, 155

Rita GMS, 308

RITA HA C-1-C, 681

�

Rita IPM, 374

RITA IPP, 376

Rita SA, 740

Ritaceti, 811

Ritachol 2000, 815

Ritachol SS, 811

Ritawax, 402

Rock salt, 671

Roclys, 299

Roferose, 231

Roquette (Lycasin 80/55), 440 Rubefacients, ammonia solution, 44 Rutile, 783

Rutile titanium dioxide, 782

SA-99, 659

Sacarina, 638

Sacchari spheri, 752

Saccharin, 29, 638, 642

and sodium cyclamate, 678 soluble, 641

sweetness vs.sucrose, 638

Saccharin ammonium, 640

Saccharin calcium, 640

Saccharin insoluble, 638

Saccharin sodium, 29, 640–641 sweetness vs. sucrose, 641

Saccharinum, 638

Saccharinum natricum, 641

Saccharose, 744

Saccharosonic acid, 264

Saccharum, 744

Saccharum lactis, 385 Sal de Vichy, 665 Salicylic acid, 66, 436

Saline, 671

Salt, 671

Sanacel, 136

Sanecta, 53

Saponite, 319, 418, 421, 644

Sassolite, 74

Satialgine H8, 21

Satin spar, 105

Satinite, 105

SBE7-b-CD, 754

(SBE)7m-beta-CD, 754

SBECD, 754

SC-18862, 53

Scabies, treatment of, 72 Schardinger dextrin, 217

SCMC, 120

SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate), 687 Sea salt, 671

SeaSpen PF, 124

Sebacic acid, 293

Secondary calcium phosphate, 93, 96 Secondary sodium phosphate, 693 sec-Propyl alcohol, 371

Selenite, 105

Self-emulsifying glyceryl monostearate, 310 Semisynthetic glycerides, 762

Sentry, 244

Sentry Simethicone, 652

Sepiolite, 428

Sepistab ST 200, 731–732

Seprison, 158 Sequestering agents

citric acid, 79

citric acid monohydrate, 185 dibasic sodium phosphate, 693 monobasic sodium phosphate, 696 phosphoric acid, 530

potassium citrate, 603

�

sodium citrate dihydrate, 675 tartaric acid, 770

Sequestrene AA, 260

Sequestrene NA3, 262

Sequestrene NA4, 262

Serum albumin, 16

Sesame oil, 31, 109, 205, 207, 506, 646, 723,

761

refined, 646

Sesami oleum raffinatum, 646

SHCa-1, 318

Shellac, 589–590, 649

bleached, 649

dewaxed orange, 649

orange, 649

purified, 649

refined bleached, 649

regular bleached, 649 with stearic acid, 737 white, 649

Shellolic acid, 650

Shogun CT, 722

(S)-(-)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid, 437

Silica, 188

colloidal, 188

fumed, 188

Silica colloidalis anhydrica, 188 Silicic acid, 418

light anhydrous, 188

magnesium salt, 428

magnesium salt (1: 2), hydrate, 434

Silicic anhydride, 188

Silicified microcrystalline cellulose, 134 Silicon dioxide

colloidal, 139–140, 188

and fructose, 292

fumed, 188

and a-(trimethysilyl-o-methylpoly[oxy (dimethylsilylene)], 652

Silicones, cyclomethicone, 222

Silicosis, 379

Silkolene, 509

Siloxanes, 222

dimethicone, 244

Sim 90, 378

Simethicone, 223, 244–245, 652

Simeticone, 652

Simeticonum, 652

Simulsol, 572

Simulsol 1293, 130

Sirius, 471

Skin-penetration enhancers see Penetration enhancers; Transdermal delivery agents

Snow White, 105, 509

Soap clay, 58

Soapstone, 767

Sobenate, 662

Soda lye, 683

Sodii benzoas, 662

Sodium 1,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate, 257

Sodium acetate, 6, 654

Sodium acetate anhydrous, 654 Sodium acetate trihydrate, 654 Sodium acid carbonate, 665 Sodium acid sulfite, 690

Sodium alginate, 23, 46, 87, 595, 628, 656

methylparabens incompatibility, 468

Sodium ascorbate, 50, 52, 659

Sodium benzoate, 67, 441, 597, 662

alternatives to, 596 Sodium benzoic acid, 662

Sodium biborate decahydrate, 669

912 Index

Sodium bicarbonate, 599, 665 alternatives, potassium bicarbonate,

598

citric acid neutralization, 667 tartaric acid neutralization, 667

Sodium biphosphate, 696

Sodium bisulfite, 691

Sodium borate, 75, 669

fused, 670

Sodium borate anhydrous, 670 Sodium bromide, 153

Sodium butylhydroxybenzoate, 85 Sodium calcium edetate, 262 Sodium carboxymethyl guar, 316 Sodium carboxymethyl starch, 701 Sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 120 Sodium cellulose glycolate, 120 Sodium chloride, 601, 671

Sodium citrate anhydrous, 676–677 Sodium citrate dihydrate, 187, 675 Sodium citrate tertiary, 675

Sodium CMC, 120

Sodium cyclamate, 29, 678

with acesulfame potassium, 679 and saccharin, 678

with saccharin sodium, 679 sweetness vs.sucrose, 678

Sodium cyclohexanesulfamate, 678

Sodium N-cyclohexylsulfamate, 678 Sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate, 696 Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 696

anhydrous, 696

dihydrate, 696

monohydrate, 696

Sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, 257 Sodium dodecyl sulfate, 687 Sodium edetate, 261–262

Sodium erythorbate, 265

Sodium ethanoate, 654

Sodium ethyl hydroxybenzoate, 289 Sodium ethylmercurithiosalicylate, 777

Sodium L-glutamate, 480

Sodium glutamate monohydrate, 480 Sodium (E,E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate, 712

Sodium hyaluronate, 681

Sodium hydrate, 683

Sodium hydrogen L-(+)-2-aminoglutarate monohydrate, 480

Sodium hydrogen carbonate, 665 Sodium hydrogen sulfite, 691 Sodium hydroxide, 606, 683

Sodium a-hydroxypropionate, 685 Sodium indigotin disulfonate, 197 Sodium iodide, 673

Sodium lactate, 382, 685 Sodium lactate solution, 685 Sodium laurate, 407

Sodium laurilsulfate, 687

Sodium lauryl sulfate, 151, 687, 808 and cationic surfactants, 688 gelatin capsule formation, 295

Sodium metabisulfite, 608, 690, 709

Sodium metabisulphite, 690

Sodium methyl hydroxybenzoate, 469 Sodium monododecyl sulfate, 687 Sodium monolauryl sulfate, 687 Sodium monostearyl fumarate, 705 Sodium myristate, 484–485

Sodium nitrite, sodium ascorbate, 659 Sodium o-benzosulfimide, 641

Sodium orthophosphate, 693

Sodium palmitate, 501–502 Sodium phosphate

�dibasic, 693, 697

dihydrate, 693

dodecahydrate, 693

heptahydrate, 693

hydrate, 693

monohydrate, 693

monobasic, 694, 696

secondary, 693

tribasic, 694

Sodium phosphate dihydrate, monobasic, 696 Sodium phosphate monohydrate, monobasic,

696

Sodium polymannuronate, 656 Sodium propanoate hydrate, 699 Sodium propionate, 618, 699

anhydrous, 700

Sodium propionate hydrate, 699 Sodium propyl hydroxybenzoate, 631 Sodium pyroborate, 670

Sodium pyroborate decahydrate, 669 Sodium pyrosulfite, 690

Sodium sorbate, 712

Sodium starch glycolate, 701, 703 Sodium stearyl fumarate, 705 Sodium sulfate, 690

Sodium sulfite, 690–691, 708

dried, 708

Sodium sulfite anhydrous, 708 Sodium sulfite heptahydrate, 709 Sodium sulphite anhydrous, 708 Sodium tetraborate anhydrous, 670 Sodium tetraborate decahydrate, 669

Sodium/calcium salt mix, of poly(methylvinyl ether/maleic anhydride), 561

Soft water, 805

Soft white, 509

Softisan 154, 800

Soiae oleum raffinatum, 722 Soja bean oil, 722

Solactol, 270

Solani amylum, 725

Solbrol A, 287

Solbrol P, 629

Solka-Floc, 136

Solkane 134a, 772

Solkane 142b, 174

Solkane 152a, 242

Solkane 227, 321

Solubilizing agent, macrogol 15 hydroxystearate, 416

Solubilizing agents benzalkonium chloride, 61

benzethonium chloride, 64

benzyl alcohol, 69

benzyl benzoate, 72

cetylpyridinium chloride, 157

cyclodextrins, 217–218

glycerin monostearate, 308

lecithin, 409

meglumine, 457

perfume bases, 573

poloxamer, 535

polyethylene alkyl ethers, 565 polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, 565 polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives,

573

polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, 581

polyoxyethylene stearates, 586

povidone, 611

2-pyrrolidone, 633

sodium bicarbonate, 665

sorbitan esters, 714

�stearic acid, 737

sulfobutylether b-cyclodextrin, 754

see also Dissolution enhancers; Solvents; Surfactants; Wetting agents

Soluble gluside, 641 Soluble indigo blue, 197

Soluble methyl hydroxybenzoate, 469 Soluble propyl hydroxybenzoate, 631 Soluble saccharin, 641

Solugel, 295

Soluphor P, 633

Solutab, 211

Solutol HS 15, 416

Solvanom, 248

Solvarone, 248

Solvent, acetone, 8 Solvents

albumin, 16

alcohol, 18

almond oil, 30

benzyl alcohol, 69

benzyl benzoate, 72

carbon dioxide, 116

castor oil, 128

corn oil (maize), 204 cottonseed oil, 206

dibutyl phthalate, 234

diethyl phthalate, 240

dimethyl ether, 246

dimethyl phthalate, 248

dimethyl sulfoxide, 250

dimethylacetamide, 253

ethyl acetate, 268

ethyl lactate, 270

ethyl oleate, 274

glycerin, 301

glycofurol, 313

isopropyl alcohol, 371

isopropyl myristate, 374

isopropyl palmitate, 376 light mineral oil, 474

medium-chain triglycerides, 454

mineral oil, 471

monoethanolamine, 478

octyldodecanol, 492

olive oil, 498

peanut oil, 505

polyethylene glycol, 545–546

polyoxyl 35 castor oil, 573

propylene carbonate, 622

propylene glycol, 624

2-pyrrolidone, 633

sesame oil, 646

soybean oil, 722

sunflower oil, 760

triacetin, 790

triethanolamine, 794

water, 802

water-miscible, 624

see also Solubilizing agents Sorbic acid, 359, 609–610, 710

(E,E)-Sorbic acid, 710

Sorbic acid potassium salt, 609

Sorbistat K, 710

Sorbitan diisostearate, 717

Sorbitan dioleate, 717

Sorbitan, esters monodecanoate (sorbitan monolaurate), 713–714

Sorbitan esters (sorbitan fatty acid esters), 584, 713

Sorbitan laurate, 713, 717

Sorbitan monolaurate (sorbitan, esters monodecanoate), 713–714

Index 913

Sorbitan monooleate, 713

Sorbitan monopalmitate, 713–714

Sorbitan monostearate, 713

Sorbitan oleate, 713, 717

Sorbitan palmitate, 713, 717

Sorbitan sesquiolate, 717

Sorbitan sesquioleate, 713, 772

Sorbitan sesquistearate, 717

Sorbitan stearate, 713, 717

Sorbitan triisostearate, 717

Sorbitan trioleate, 713–714, 717, 772

Sorbitan tristearate, 717

Sorbitani lauras, 713

Sorbitani oleas, 713

Sorbitani palmitas, 713

Sorbitani sesquioleas, 713

Sorbitani stearas, 713

Sorbitani trioleas, 713

Sorbite, 718

Sorbitol, 267, 439–441, 452, 718

incompatibilities methylparabens, 468

polyethylene glycols, 719

vs.mannitol, 452

and polydextrose, 543

D-Sorbitol, 440

Sorbitol Instant, 718

Sorbitol liquid, 720

Sorbitol solution 70%, 720

Sorbitolum, 718

Sorbo, 720

Sorbogem, 718

Soya lecithin, 772 Soya oil, refined, 722 Soyabean oil, 722

hydrogenated, 722

refined, 722

Soybean lecithin, 409

Soybean oil, 31, 109, 205, 207, 506, 647,

722, 761

hydrogenated, 800

Soybean phosphatides, mixed, 409 Soybean phospholipids, 409

Spectracel, 346

Spermaceti, synthetic, 811

Spermaceti wax, 812

Spermaceti wax replacement, 811 Spirit of hartshorn, 44

Splenda, 742

Sporocides, chlorocresol, 172

Spress B820, 731

St. John’s bread, 148

Stabilizers, glyceryl monooleate, 306 Stabilizing agents

acacia, 1

agar, 14

albumin, 16

alginic acid, 21

aluminum stearate, 42

ammonium alginate, 46

ascorbic acid, 48

ascorbyl palmitate, 51

bentonite, 58

butylated hydroxytoluene, 81

calcium alginate, 86

calcium stearate, 102

carboxymethylcellulose calcium, 118

carboxymethylcellulose sodium, 120

carrageenan, 124

ceratonia, 148

colloidal silicon dioxide, 188 cyclodextrins, 217–218

diethanolamine, 238