Antipyretics

for fever, 140, 140[

for pediatric fever, 204

Antivenin, 279

Antivenom, 279

ANUG. See Acute necrotizing gingivitis

AOM. See Acute otitis media

Aortic aneurysm. See Abdominal aortic

aneurysm

Aortic dissection, 70-7 4, 7l f, 72f, 73{

chest pain in, 47-48, 48f

hypertensive emergency with,

76, 77t, 78, 78t

APAP. See Acetaminophen

Apathetic hyperthyroidism, 289

APGAR scoring, 195, 1 95t

API. See Arterial pressure index

Aplastic crisis, 300

Apneustic breathing, 349

Appendicitis, 1 1 8-1 20, 1 18t, 1 1 9[, 120{

abdominal pain with, 1 1 2-1 16, 1 1 3t,

1 14[, 1 1 6[, 213-2 14

ARAS. See Ascending reticular activating

system

ARF. See Acute rheumatic fever

Arm injuries, 391-392, 39lf, 392{

Arousal, 332

ARS. See Acute retroviral syndrome

ART. See Acute retroviral therapy

Arterial blood gas sampling, 4-7, Sf, 6f

for toxic alcohol ingestion, 236

Arterial injury, 360

Arterial pressure index (API), 360

Arterial puncture, 4-7, Sf, 6f

Arthritis, septic, 410-4 13, 41 1 t,

412[, 412t

Arthrocentesis, 411

ASA. See American Society of

Anesthesiologists

Ascending reticular activating system

(ARAS), 332

Aseptic meningitis, 147

Aspiration pneumonitis, 271, 271[

Aspirin

for ACS, 48, 48f, 55

for erythrodermas, 42 1

GI bleeding and, 129

for stroke, 352

as toxidrome, 23 1t

Asthma, 89-94, 89t, 90t, 9 1f, 92f

respiratory distress with, 207, 210 f, 211

Asystole, 33-36, 34t, 35f

Atonic seizure, 353, 354t

Atrial fibrillation (AF), 64, 64t, 66f, 67,

68f, 69

with digoxin toxicity, 252, 252f, 254

Atrial flutter, 66-67, 66f, 68f, 69

Atrioventricular (AV) block, 63-66, 66f,

67f, 68-69

Atropine

for dysrhythmia, 68

procedural sedation with, 14

for RSI, 39

for shock, 44[, 45

as toxidrome, 23 1 t

AV block. See Atrioventricular block

Axial load injuries, to cervical spine, 369,

369t

Azithromycin

B

for cervicitis, 188t

for HIV patients, 1 60

Bacitracin, for epistaxis, 325-326

Back, 381

Back pain. See Low back pain

Bacterial infection, in pediatric patients,

201-205, 203f, 204t

Bacterial meningitis, 147-1 50, 148t, 149[,

149t

Bacterial tracheitis, 206-207, 210-211

Bacterial vaginosis (BV), 1 85-1 86, 187[,

1 87t, 188

Bag-valve-mask ( BVM) ventilation,

37-38, 39{

BAl. See Blunt aortic injury

Balanoposthitis, 1 77-1 80, 1 79[

Bartholin gland abscesses, 1-2

Barton fracture, 392

Basic metabolic panel (BMP), for

oncologic emergencies, 296

Basilar skull fracture, 365, 365[

Battle sign, 365

Bell-clapper deformity, 17 4, 1 75[

Benign headache, 336-340, 336t, 338[,

338t, 339{

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

(BPPV), 34 1-346, 342t, 343[, 343t,

344[, 345[, 346[

Benzocaine/antipyrine drops, for otitis

media, 223

Benzodiazepines

for AM$, 334

for CA overdose, 25S

for head injuries, 366

procedural sedation with, 14, 14t

for psychiatric patient, 42S

for RSI, 40

for seizure, 356

Beta-agonists

for asthma, S9-93, 90� 92f

for COPD, 95, 97, 9Sf

for dyspnea, S4, S7f

for respiratory distress, 21 Of, 211

Beta-blockers

for ACS, 54f, 55

for acute angle-closure glaucoma, 323

for aortic dissection, 73-7 4

for CHF, 61

for CRAO, 322

for dysrhythmia, 69

for hypertensive emergency, 7St

Bigelow maneuvers, 40 1

Bilevel positive airway pressure (BPAP),

for COPD, 97, 9Sf

Biliary colic, 12 1-124, 122f, 122t, 123f

Bite wounds, 20

Bivalirudin, for ACS, 55

Black widow spider, 275-276, 276f

Bleeding

complication, with anticoagulation

therapy, 309-3 10, 310[

GI, 12S-1 30, 12St, 129t, 1 30f

vaginal, 1S1-1S4, 1 S2f, 1 S2t, 1 S4f

Blisters, with cold-induced tissue injuries,

264-266, 264f

Blood exposure, 1 62-165, 164f

Blood gas san1pling

arterial, 4-7, Sf, 6f

for CO poisoning, 24S

for potassium disorders, 2S5

Blood glucose

for diabetic emergencies, 2S1

for seizure, 353

for stroke, 350

Blood pressure. See also Hypertension

dehydration and, 21S, 21St

Blood screens, for poisoned patient, 232

Blood sugar, dehydration and, 21S

Blood urea nitrogen, in acute abdominal

pain, 1 14

Blunt aortic injury (BAI), 374, 376, 377f,

37S

Blunt myocardial injury (BMI), 374, 37S

Blunt trauma, 35S-362, 361f, 36 lt

abdominal, 3S2, 3S6f

thoracic, 3 7 4, 3 7S

BMI. See Blunt myocardial injury

BMP. See Basic metabolic panel

Body fluid exposure, 162-165, 164f

Boerhaave syndrome, chest pain in,

47--49, 4Sf

Bohler angle, 400, 400f

Boston Criteria, 202-203, 204t

Bougies, 41, 41[

INDEX

Bowel obstruction, 1 3 1-1 34, 132f, 133f

Boxer's fracture, 393, 393f

BP. See Bullous pemphigoid

BPAP. See Bilevel positive airway pressure

BPPV. See Benign paroxysmal positional

vertigo

Bradydysrhythmia, 63-69, 64 t, 65f, 66f,

67f, 6Sf

Breathing supportive care

for AMS, 333

for drowning incident, 270

for heat-related illness, 26S, 269f

for hypothermia, 259

for poisoned patient, 232, 232f, 242,

24S, 253

for seizure, 3 54

for stroke, 349

for trauma, 359

Bronchiolitis, 207, 211

Brown recluse spider, 275-276, 277f

Brown-Sequard syndrome, 369

Brugada syndrome, S1, S2f

Buccal space infection, 329, 329f, 331f

Bullous pemphigoid (BP), 419

Bumetanide, for CHF, 60, 61t

Bupivacaine, for I&D, 2

Burn center admission, 3S9, 3S9f, 390t

Burns, 3S7-390, 3SSf, 3S9f, 390t

BV. See Bacterial vaginosis

BVM ventilation. See Bag-valve-mask

ventilation

c

CA. See Cyclic antidepressants

Calcaneus fractures, 39S

Calcium

for hypocalcemia, 307

for potassium disorders, 2S5-2S6

Calcium channel blockers

antidote for, 233t

for dysrhythmia, 69

for hypertensive emergency, 7St

Calcium oxalate crystals, with toxic

alcohol ingestion, 236

Canadian C-spine rules, 371, 372t

Candidiasis

in HIV patients, 1 57, 157f, 161

vaginal, 1 S5-1 S6, 1S7f, 1 S7t

Canine space infection, 329, 329f, 331[

Capillary refill, dehydration and, 21S,

21St

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning,

247-250, 24Sf, 249f, 250t, 337, 390

Cardiac box, 375, 376f

Cardiac disease. See also Acute coronary

syndrome

cardiopulmonary arrest, 33-36, 34t, 35f

Cardiac syncope, SO-S3, S2f, S3f

Cardiac tamponade

chest pain in, 47, 4Sf, 49

shock with, 45

Cardiogenic shock, 42--45, 43 t, 44f

Cardiopulmonary arrest, 33-36, 34t, 35f

Cardiovascular toxicity, with CA,

256, 256t

Cardioversion, for digoxin toxicity, 252

Carotid artery dissection, 337, 340

Carpal dislocation, 394, 396

Catheterization, central venous access,

S-12, 9f, lOf, l lf

Cauda equina syndrome, 404

CBC. See Complete blood count

Cefix.ime, for cervicitis, 1 SSt

Cefotaxime, for meningitis or

encephalitis, 149, 149t

Cefotetan, for PID, 1SSt

Cefoxitin, for PID, 1 SSt

Cefpodoxime, for cervicitis, 1 SSt

Ceftriaxone

antibiotics for, 422

for cervicitis, 1SS t

for HIV patients, 1 60

for meningitis or encephalitis, 149t, 150

for otitis media, 224

for pediatric fever, 204-205

for PID, 1 SSt

for septic arthritis, 412

for UTI, 173t

Cell, 314, 3 14f

Cellular respiration, CO and, 247

Cellulitis, 1 5 1-155, 152f, 154[

Central cord syndrome, 369

Central line placement, for trauma, 360

Central nervous system ( CNS)

CA overdose and, 255-256, 256t

digoxin toxicity and, 252

heat-related illness and, 26S

symptoms in HIV patients, 1 57,

1 59-1 60, 160[

TBI and, 364

toxic alcohol ingestion and, 236

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO),

319-323, 320f, 322f

Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO),

319-323, 320f, 322f

Central venous access, S-12, 9f, 1 0f, l lf

Central vertigo, 342

Cephalosporins

for otitis media, 224

for pharyngitis, 22S

Cerebellar exam, for stroke, 350

Cerebellar strokes, 34S

Cerebral contusions, 364

Cerebral cortex, 332

Cerebral perfusion pressure ( CPP), TBI

and, 363-364

Cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF)

headache and, 33S, 33St

LP for, 1 6-19, 1 6t, 1 7f, 1 Sf

meningitis or encephalitis findings,

14S-149, 14St, 149[

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA),

347-352, 349t, 350f, 351f

headache with, 337

with sickle cell disease, 300, 302

vascular supply of, 34S-349, 34St

Cerebrovascular syncope, SO-S3, S2f, S3f

Cervical motion tenderness (CMT),

1 S6, 1 S7f

Cervical spine, 369f

injuries to, 368-373, 369t, 370t, 372t, 373f

radiographs of, 370, 370t, 371f, 372f

Cervicitis, 1 85-188, 186f, 187f, 188t

Charcoal, activated. See Activated

charcoal

Chemical burns, 387

Chemosis, 3 1 6, 316[

Chest compressions, 34, 35f

Chest pain, 46-49, 48f

Chest trauma, EUS for, 27-29, 28f, 29f

Chest tube insertion, for trauma, 360

Cheyne-Stokes breathing, 349

CHF. See Congestive heart failure

Chilblains, 263-266, 265f

Children. See Pediatric patients

Chlamydia, l85-188, 1 88t

Chloral hydrate, for pediatric patients, 198

Cholecystitis. See Acute cholecystitis

Cholinergic toxidromes, 23 lt

antidote for, 233t

Chopart joint, 398

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

(COPD), 95-99, 97f, 98f

Ciliary flush, 313

Cimetidine, for allergic reactions, 425

Ciprofloxacin

for acute cholecystitis, 124

for appendicitis, 1 19

for soft tissue infections, 155

for UTI, 173t

Circulatory supportive care

for AMS, 333

for drowning incident, 270

for heat-related illness, 268, 269f

for hypothermia, 259

for poisoned patient, 232, 232f, 242,

248, 253

for seizure, 354

for stroke, 349

for trauma, 359

Clam digger splint, 415, 416[

Clevidipine, for aortic dissection, 7 4

Clindamycin

for pharyngitis, 228

for PID, 188t

for soft tissue infections, 155

Clonic seizure, 353, 354t

Clonidine, poisoning with, 233t, 253

Clopidogrel, for ACS, 54f, 55

Cluster headache, 337, 339

CMP. See Complete metabolic panel

CMT. See Cervical motion tenderness

CMV. See Cytomegalovirus

CNS. See Central nervous system

CO. See Carbon monoxide

Coagulation profile

for abdominal trauma, 383

for acetaminophen toxicity, 240

for envenomation, 278

for epistaxis, 324

with hypothermia, 260

for stroke, 350

for trauma, 360

Coagulation tests, in acute abdominal

pain, 1 15

Coagulopathy, with heat-related illness,

268

Coaptation splint, 415, 416f

INDEX

Cocaine

priapism with, 178

as toxidrome, 23lt

Cognition, 332

Cold-induced tissue injuries, 263-266,

264[, 265[, 266t

Colles fracture, 392, 392f

Combivir, for postexposure prophylaxis,

1 63

Communications, EMS, 30

Compartment syndromes, 265, 399,

40 1-402, 407-409, 408[, 409f

Complete blood count (CBC)

for abdominal trauma, 383

in acute abdominal pain, 1 1 4

for adrenal emergencies, 293

for anticoagulation therapy

complications, 309

for envenomation, 278

for epistaxis, 324

for head injuries, 365

for HIV patients, 157

for oncologic emergencies, 296

for trauma, 360

for vasoocclusive crisis, 301

Complete heart block, 64-66, 66f, 67f,

68-69

Complete metabolic panel (CMP), for

heat-related illness, 268

Computed tomography angiography (CIA),

for thoracic trauma, 377, 377f

Concussions, 364

Congestive heart failure ( CHF), 57-62,

58f, 59f, 60f, 61 t

Conjunctivitis, 315-3 18, 316[, 31 6t, 318[

 

chemistry panel, urinalysis) performed. A CBC may indicate an infectious process, abnormal chemistries may

reveal hypoglycemia or hypo/hypernatremia, and urinalysis may provide evidence of a urinary tract infection.

Routine drug screens and alcohol levels are not useful and

should be reserved for patients with altered mental status

of unknown etiology. Patients with known psychiatric

illness and a consistent psychiatric presentation usually do

not require testing.

� Imaging

Imaging, like other testing, should be performed based on

clinical judgment. A noncontrast head computed

tomography scan is appropriate for patients with new

symptoms. A chest radiograph is indicated when a patient

has evidence of pneumonia or congestive heart failure.

Other imaging should be determined by the patient's

clinical condition.

PROCEDURES

Psychiatric patients are frequently agitated on presentation

to the ED and may pose a threat to themselves or the staff.

A stepwise progression of procedures is indicated to treat

agitation with the goal of avoiding the use of restraints.

The first step in treating the agitated patient is the process

of de-escalation. The essentials of de-escalation include

attempting to calm the patient, meeting their reasonable

CHAPTER 98

needs, and lessening environmental stimulation. The next

step to reduce a patient's level of agitation is to medicate

them with a benzodiazepine or anti-psychotic medication.

These medications include haloperidol (5 mg administered

intramuscularly [IM] ), atypical anti psychotics (ziprasidone

10 mg IM), and lorazepam ( 1-2 mg IM), alone or in

combination. The last step is restraining the patient in a

supine position with a restraint on each limb. Restrained

patients require frequent or continuous observation.

MEDICAL DECISION MAKING

History and physical examination, including a neurologic

and mental status examination, may be sufficient to

determine whether the patient has an acute psychiatric

illness. However, any abnormality noted from the history

and physical exam warrants further evaluation and treatment

looking for a medical etiology. Once medical issues have

been addressed, patients with ED presentation of psychosis,

depression, anxiety, suicidal, or homicidal ideation need an

appropriate psychiatric evaluation and disposition.

Patients with abnormal behavior from new-onset

delirium, dementia, or other medical illness require further

medical evaluation and admission (Figure 98-1).

TREATMENT

Treatment of the psychiatric patient in the ED varies. The

patient may need a refill of their psychotropic medication,

initiation of a new psychotropic medication, or emergent

treatment for acute agitation. Most emergency physicians

do not start patients on new psychotropic medications

without psychiatric consultation or primary care communication. All active medical problems should also be

addressed and treated.

DISPOSITION

� Admission

There are 3 universally accepted criteria to admit patients

with psychiatric illness: homicidal plan, suicidal plan, and

the inability to care for oneself. Clinical judgment is often

necessary to determine the need for admission in patients

with chronic suicidal or homicidal ideation, and patients

with other psychiatric illnesses and the potential inability

to care for oneself.

� Discharge

Patients discharged from the ED with psychiatric illness

need close follow-up by a professional. In many

communities there are limited psychiatric resources and

professionals to care for these patients. In communities

Schizophrenia

Bipolar illness

Depression

Delirium

Dementia

Hyperthyroidism

Head trauma

Temporal lobe epilepsy

Figure 98-1 . Overlapping conditions.

with limited psychiatric resources, these patients may be

referred to a primary care physician, allied health

professionals (nurse practitioner or physician assistant), or

community resources (social worker, case manager).

SUGGESTED READING

Zun LS. Behavioral Disorders: Diagnostic Criteria. In Tintinalli's

Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 7th ed.

New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 20 11, pp. 1946-1 952.

Zun LS. Evidence-based evaluation of psychiatric patients. J Emerg

Med. 2005;28:35-39.

Zun LS. Evidence-based treatment of psychiatric patient. J Emerg

Med. 2005;28:277-283.

A

AAA. See Abdominal aortic aneurysm

ABCDE mnemonic, for stroke, 359

Abciximab, for ACS, 55

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA),

1 25-127, 126f, 127[

EUS for, 27-29, 28f, 29f

Abdominal pain, 1 1 2-1 1 7, 1 1 3t, 1 14f,

115f, 1 1 6f, 212-2 1 6, 2 1 3t,

214f, 215f

Abdominal trauma, 381-384, 382f, 383f,

385f, 386f

EUS for, 27-29, 28f, 29f

Abortion, spontaneous, 181-183,

1 82t, 1 84[

Abscess, 1 5 1-1 55, 1 53f, 154f

I&D for, 1-3, 1f, 2f

retropharyngeal, 206-2 1 0, 209f

Absence seizure, 353, 354t

Access to care, 30

Acetaminophen (APAP)

for fever, 140

for otitis media, 223

for pediatric fever, 204

for pharyngitis, 228

poisoning with, 233t, 239-243, 241f, 242f

for sickle cell disease, 301

for simple febrile reaction, 307

Acetazolamide

for acute angle-closure glaucoma, 323

for CRAO, 322

Acetylcholine, inhibition of, 255

Achilles tendon rupture, 399, 402

ACL. See Anterior cruciate ligament

Acromioclavicular joint widening, 392

ACS. See Acute coronary syndrome

ACTH. See Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Activated charcoal

for acetaminophen toxicity, 242

for CA overdose, 257, 258f

for digoxin toxicity, 253

for poisoned patient, 232-233, 232f

for salicylate overdose, 245, 246f

Active core rewarming, for hypothermia,

260, 261f, 262

Active external rewarming, for

hypothermia, 260, 261f

Acute abdominal pain, 1 1 2-1 1 7, 1 1 3t,

1 14f, 1 1 5f, 1 1 6f

Acute angle-closure glaucoma, 319-323,

32 1f, 322f

headache with, 337

Acute anterior uveitis, 315-3 1 8, 316t,

317f, 318[

Acute chest syndrome, 299, 302

Index

Acute cholecystitis, 12 1-124, 122f, 122t, 123f

EUS for, 27-29, 28f, 29f

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), 50-56,

52f, 52t, 54[

chest pain in, 46-49, 48f

hypertensive emergency with, 76,

77t, 78t

Acute intravascular hemolysis, 304-307,

305t, 306f

Acute lung injury (ALI)

with salicylate overdose, 245

transfusion-associated, 304-307,

305t, 306f

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI),

50-56, 52f, 52t, 54[

Acute necrotizing gingivitis (ANUG),

328-330

Acute otitis media (AOM), 22 1-224,

222[, 223f

Acute retroviral syndrome (ARS), 156

Acute retroviral therapy (ART), 159

Acute rheumatic fever (ARF), pharyngitis

with, 225

Acute visual loss, 319-323, 320f,

32 1f, 322[

Acyclovir

for meningitis or encephalitis, 1 50

for pediatric fever, 204

Addison disease, 292-294, 294f

Adenosine, for dysrhythmia, 67, 69

ADH. See Alcohol dehydrogenase

Adolescents. See Pediatric patients

Adrenal crisis, 292-294, 294f

Adrenal emergencies, 292-294, 294f

Adrenal insufficiency, 292-294, 294f

a-Adrenergic receptor inhibition, with

CA, 255, 258

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

(ACTH), 292

Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support

protocols, for digoxin toxicity, 252

Advanced emergency medical technician

{AEMT), 30, 3lt

Advanced Trauma Life Support

guidelines, 358

AEIOU TIPS differential diagnosis, 334t

AEMT. See Advanced emergency medical

technician

AF. See Atrial fibrillation

Airborne precautions, for pneumonia, 103

Airway management, 37-41, 39f, 40f, 4 1f

for AMS, 333

for cardiopulmonary arrest, 34

for drowning incident, 270

for heat-related illness, 268, 269f

429

for hypothermia, 259

for poisoned patient, 232, 232f, 242,

248, 253

for seizure, 354

for stroke, 349

for trauma, 359

Airway obstruction, 206--211, 208f, 209f

Albuterol

for allergic reactions, 425

for asthma, 91, 92f, 93

for COPD, 97, 98f

for potassium disorders, 286

for respiratory distress, 210 f, 211

Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)

inhibition of, 237

poisoning with, 235

Alcohol withdrawal seizures, 356

Alcohols, toxic, 235-238, 236f, 237f

Aldosterone, 292

ALL See Acute lung injury

Alkalinization, urine. See

Urine alkalinization

Allen test, 5

Allergic eyelids, 316

Allergic reactions, 423-425, 424f, 425f

Allis maneuvers, 40 1

Alpha -agonists, for priapism, 1 78-179

Alpha-blockers, for nephrolithiasis, 169

Altered mental status (AMS), 332-335,

333t, 334f

with diabetic emergencies, 281

headache with, 337

with heat stroke, 268

with thyroid storm, 289

Alveolar osteitis, 328-330

American Society of Anesthesiologists

{ASA), physical status

classification of, 13, 13t

AMI. See Acute myocardial infarction

Amiodarone

for cardiopulmonary arrest, 34, 35f

for dysrhythmia, 69

Amoxicillin

for otitis media, 223

for pharyngitis, 228

Amoxicillin-clavulanate

for otitis media, 223-224

for UTI, 1 73t

Amphetamine, as toxidrome, 231t

Amphotericin B, for HN patients, 1 60

Ampicillin

for meningitis or encephalitis,

1 49-1 50, 149t

for pediatric fever, 204

for UTI, 1 73t

Ampicillin -sulbactam

for peritonsillar abscess, 228

for retropharyngeal abscess, 228

AMPLE mnemonic, 358-359, 382

AMS. See Altered mental status

Analgesics, procedural sedation with,

1 3-15, 13t, 14f, 14t, 1St

Anaphylactic shock, 42-45, 43 t, 44f

Anaphylaxis, 423-425, 425{

respiratory distress with, 207, 211

with urticaria, 307

Anesthetics. See also specific agents

for pediatric patients, 1 99

procedural sedation with, 13-15,

1 3t, 14f, 14t, 1 St

Angina, 50-56, 52f, 52t, 54{

Angioedema, 423-425, 424[, 425{

respiratory distress with, 207, 211

Angiography, for epistaxis, 324-325

Angiotensin-converting enzyme

inhibitors

angioedema with, 423-425, 424[

for CHF, 61

Anion gap

with acetaminophen toxicity, 240

for burns, 388

with CO poisoning, 248-249

with diabetic emergencies, 281

Ankle fracture, 400, 400[, 402

Ankle injuries, 398-402

Anterior abdomen, 38 1, 382[

Anterior cord syndrome, 369

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

tears, 398

Anterior shoulder dislocation, 39 1,

391[, 396

reduction of, 395

Antibiotics

for acute cholecystitis, 123-124

after laceration repair, 23

anaphylaxis caused by, 423

for appendicitis, 1 19

for balanoposthitis, 1 80

for cervicitis and PID, 1 88 t

for conjunctivitis, 317

for COPD, 95, 97-98, 98f

for erythrodermas, 42 1

for fever, 138, 140, 140[

for hemorrhagic lesions, 422

for HIV patients, 1 59-160, 160{

for intestinal obstruction, 133

for mandible fractures, 330

for meningitis and encephalitis, 147,

149-150, 149[, 149t

for otitis media, 223

for pediatric fever, 203[, 204-205, 204t

for pharyngitis, 228

for pneumonia, 102, 103t

for sepsis, 144, 145f, 146

for septic arthritis, 412, 412{

for soft tissue infections, 151,

1 54[, 155

for UTI, 171, 1 72[, 1 73t

for vaginitis, 187t

Anticholinergic agents

for asthma, 92f, 93

INDEX

for COPD, 95, 97, 98f

for respiratory distress, 211

for RSI, 39

Anticholinergic toxidromes, 23 lt

antidote for, 233t

Anticoagulant therapy

for ACS, 54f, 55

acute abdominal pain and, 1 15

antidote for, 233t

complications with, 308-311, 310{

for PE, 48-49, 1 1 0, 111{

Antidotal therapy

for poisoned patient, 232f, 233, 233t

for toxic alcohol ingestion, 237, 237[

Antidysrhythmics, for cardiopulmonary

arrest, 34, 35f

Antiemetics

for acute cholecystitis, 123

for intestinal obstruction, 133

for nephrolithiasis, 167

Antifungals, for balanoposthitis, 180

Antihistamines

for allergic reactions, 423, 425, 425{

for dyspnea, 84, 87f

for shock, 44f, 45

for urticaria, 307

Antihypertensives

for hypertension in pregnancy, 191

for hypertensive emergency, 78, 78t

Antiplatelet therapy, for ACS, 48, 48[,

54f, 55

Antipsychotics, for psychiatric patient,

428