Greenfield’s

SURGERY

Scientific Principles & Practice

SIXTH EDITION

EDITORS

Michael W. Mulholland, MD, PhD

Frederick A. Coller Distinguished Professor of Surgery

Chair, Department of Surgery

University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan

Keith D. Lillemoe, MD

Surgeon-in-Chief

Chief, Department of Surgery

Massachusetts General Hospital

The W. Gerald Austen Professor

Harvard Medical School

Boston, Massachusetts

Gerard M. Doherty, MD

Surgeon-in-Chief

Brigham and Women’s Health Care & Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

Moseley Professor of Surgery

Harvard Medical School

Boston, Massachusetts

Gilbert R. Upchurch, Jr., MD

Chief of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery

William H. Muller, Jr. Professor of Surgery

Professor of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics

University of Virginia

Charlottesville, Virginia

Hasan B. Alam, MD

Norman W. Thompson Professor of Surgery

Head of General Surgery

Department of Surgery

University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan

Timothy M. Pawlik, MD, MPH, PhD

Professor of Surgery and Oncology

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The Urban Meyer III and Shelley Meyer Chair for Cancer Research

Chair, Department of Surgery

The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

Columbus, Ohio

Illustrations by Holly R. Fischer, MFA

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Acquisitions Editor: Keith Donnellan

Product Development Editor: Brendan Huffman

Production Project Manager: Bridgett Dougherty

Design Coordinator: Elaine Kasmer

Senior Manufacturing Coordinator: Beth Welsh

Marketing Manager: Dan Dressler

Prepress Vendor: Aptara, Inc.

Sixth Edition

Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer

Fifth Edition © 2011 by LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, a WOLTERS KLUWER business

Fourth Edition © 2006 by LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS

Third Edition © 2001 by LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS

All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by

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Printed in China

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Mulholland, Michael W., editor.

Title: Greenfield’s surgery : scientific principles and practice / editors,

Michael W. Mulholland, Keith D. Lillemoe, Gerard Doherty, Gilbert R.

Upchurch, Jr., Hasan B. Alam, Timothy M. Pawlik ; illustrations by Holly

R. Fischer.

Other titles: Surgery : scientific principles and practice

Description: Sixth edition. | Philadelphia : Wolters Kluwer, [2017] |

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2016038680 | ISBN 9781469890012

Subjects: | MESH: General Surgery | Surgical Procedures, Operative

Classification: LCC RD31 | NLM WO 100 | DDC 617—dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016038680

This work is provided “as is,” and the publisher disclaims any and all warranties, express or implied, including any warranties as

to accuracy, comprehensiveness, or currency of the content of this work.

This work is no substitute for individual patient assessment based upon healthcare professionals’ examination of each patient and

consideration of, among other things, age, weight, gender, current or prior medical conditions, medication history, laboratory data

and other factors unique to the patient. The publisher does not provide medical advice or guidance and this work is merely a

reference tool. Healthcare professionals, and not the publisher, are solely responsible for the use of this work including all medical

judgments and for any resulting diagnosis and treatments.

Given continuous, rapid advances in medical science and health information, independent professional verification of medical

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liability, negligence law or otherwise, or from any reference to or use by any person of this work.

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Contributors

David B. Adams, MD

Professor of Surgery

The Department of Surgery

Medical University of South Carolina

Charleston, South Carolina

N. Scott Adzick, MD

Surgeon-in-Chief

Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

C. Everett Koop Professor of Pediatric Surgery

Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Gorav Ailawadi, MD

Chief, Section of Adult Cardiac Surgery

Associate Professor, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering

Director, Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery

Surgical Director, Advanced Cardiac Valve Center

Chair, VCSQI Research and Writing Committee

University of Virginia

Charlottesville, Virginia

Hasan B. Alam, MD

Norman W. Thompson Professor of Surgery

Head of General Surgery

Department of Surgery

University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan

Shehab Ahmad Redha AlAnsari, MD

Resident physician

Department of Internal Medicine

Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Cleveland, Ohio

Husain T. AlQattan, MD

Department of Surgery

Miller School of Medicine

University of Miami – Jackson Health System

Miami, Florida

Marjorie J. Arca, MD

Professor of Surgery–Pediatric Surgery and Pediatrics

Surgical Director of Pediatric Critical Care

Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Ali Azizzadeh, MD

Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery

University of Texas Medical School at Houston

Memorial Hermann Heart & Vascular Institute

Houston, Texas

Chad G. Ball, MD

Associate Professor of Surgery and Oncology

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Department of Surgery

University of Calgary

Foothills Medical Center

Calgary, Canada

Thanh U. Barbie, MD

Instructor of Surgery

Harvard Medical School

Attending Surgeon

Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Faulkner Hospital/Dana Farber Cancer Institute

Boston, Massachusetts

Bradley D. Beasley, DPM, CWS

Private Practice

Restoration Foot & Ankle, PLLC

Broken Arrow, Oklahoma

Adam W. Beck, MD

Assistant Professor of Surgery

Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy

University of Florida College of Medicine

Gainesville, Florida

Elizabeth R. Benjamin, MD, PhD

Assistant Professor of Surgery and Emergency Medicine

Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care

University of Southern California

Los Angeles, California

Christopher K. Bichakjian, MD

Professor of Dermatology

Department of Dermatology

University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan

Timothy R. Billiar, MD

George Vance Foster Endowed Professor

Distinguished Professor of Surgery

Chair, Department of Surgery

University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

John D. Birkmeyer, MD

Executive Vice President, Integrated Delivery Systems

Chief Academic Officer

Dartmouth-Hitchcock Health

One Medical Center Drive

Lebanon, New Hampshire

C. Richard Boland, MD

Chief, Division of Gastroenterology

Baylor Scott and White

Baylor University Medical Center

Dallas, Texas

Edward L. Bove, MD

Helen and Marvin Kirsh Professor of Cardiac Surgery

Chair, Cardiac Surgery Department

Cardiovascular Center

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Ann Arbor, Michigan

Darren Bowe, MD

Attending Surgeon

Wyoming Medical Center

Casper, Wyoming

Robert S. Bresalier, MD

Professor of Medicine

Birdie J. and Lydia J. Resoft Distinguished Professor in Gastrointestinal Oncology

Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition

The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center

Houston, Texas

Jonathan R. Brody, PhD

Director of Surgical Research, Professor

Department of Surgery

Thomas Jefferson University

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Carlos V.R. Brown, MD

Associate Professor

Dell Medical School

University of Texas at Austin

Trauma Medical Director

University Medical Center Brackenridge

Austin, Texas

David L. Brown, MD

Associate Professor of Surgery

Section of Plastic Surgery

University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan

Brandon R. Bruns, MD

Associate Professor

Department of Surgery

University of Maryland School of Medicine

R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center

Baltimore, Maryland

Steven R. Buchman, MD

M. Haskell Newman Professor in Plastic Surgery

Professor of Neurosurgery

Program Director, Craniofacial Surgery Fellowship

University of Michigan Medical School

Chief, Pediatric Plastic Surgery

CS Mott Children’s Hospital

Director, Craniofacial Anomalies Program

University of Michigan Medical Center

Ann Arbor, Michigan

J. Kenneth Byrd, MD

Assistant Professor

Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery

Medical College of Georgia

Augusta, Georgia

Andrew M. Cameron, MD, PhD

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Associate Professor of Surgery

Director of Liver Transplantation

The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Baltimore, Maryland

E. Ramsay Camp, MD

Associate Professor of Surgery

Division of Oncologic and Endocrine Surgery

Medical University of South Carolina

Charleston, South Carolina

Darrell A. Campbell, Jr., MD

Professor of Surgery

University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan

Robert M. Cannon, MD

Instructor/Fellow

Department of Surgery

Division of Transplantation

University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama

Kenneth Cardona, MD

Assistant Professor of Surgery

Division of Surgical Oncology

Emory University Hospital Midtown

Emory Winship Cancer Institute

Atlanta, Georgia

Darrell L. Cass, MD

Associate Professor

Departments of Surgery, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology

Baylor College of Medicine

Co-Director, Texas Children’s Fetal Center

Texas Children’s Hospital

Houston, Texas

Paul S. Cederna, MD

Chief, Section of Plastic Surgery

Robert Oneal Professor of Plastic Surgery

Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering

University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan

Rajiv Chandawarkar, MD

Director, Plastic Surgery, OSU East Hospital

Associate Professor of Plastic Surgery

Adjunct Associate Professor of Orthopedics

The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

Columbus, Ohio

Andrew C. Chang, MD

Associate Professor of Surgery

John Alexander Distinguished Professor

Head, Section of Thoracic Surgery

Department of Surgery

University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan

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