One curd sink, with perforated bottom,

.

One 6-horse-power boiler, with injector and pipes com- }

plete, to connect with vats

)

Two bandagers, or curd fillers,

Two curd knives, one horizontal and one perpendicular

.

.

One pair of scales, 900 pounds capacity,

.

One pair of scales for weighing salt, etc

Two rennet jars,

Two jars for coloring,

One curd mill,

One sink for washing and scalding dairy fixtures,

One set of testing instruments,

Pails, dippers, curd scoop, etc.,

Total,

—

.

....

$340 00

25 00

70 00

90 00

15 00

5 00

20 00

275 qO

5 00

15 00

45 OO

10 00

5 00

2 50

30 00

10 00

5 00

6 00

$873 50

Remarks. Although our items, or recipes, for making and managing

butter and cheese are few, yet we think they are plain, and perfectly reliable.

DOMESTIC ANIMALS.

RECEIPTS AND INSTRUCTIONS FOB THEIR CARE AND

.

TREATMENT.

HOI^SES,

General Remarks Upon Their Dispositions, Etc.

—

It is

an

admitted fact that " kind and gentle treatment makes a kind and gentle horse."

Again, " a balky man makes a balky horse." " Bad drivers," too, " make bad

horses."

It is only in a few exceptional cases that a horse is naturally vicious,

Let good sense be shown, then, on the part of those who

have the raising and care of horses, and they will show theirs by their kind and

or even stubborn.

willing submission to all

reasonable requirements which

they understand.

Kindly teach them, and they will as kindly learn. But curse and scream at

them, and you excite their fears and injure their disposition to be kind, by every

such want of judgment on the part of the driver, or the one who has the care of

them in the stable. Then, if you want a kind and gentle horse, be kind and

gentle towards them, and they will not fail you in more than one case in a hundred.

But a pet to-day and a kick to-morrow will destroy their confidence in

you, and leads them to expect abuse rather than kindness. The Arabs are

accredited with being the most successful horse-trainers in the world; and they

so appreciate the value of kindness that they take them into their tents with

them, and bestow upon them as much love as they give to their children; and

the children, in turn, make playfellows of the colts;

and thus, although the

Arabian horse is considered the most spirited of any in the world, yet with

their intelligence gained by this constant and kind companionship, they are the

most easily controlled of any. Beware of the impatience of boys and hired

help, who are likely to think there

is

no way of showing their power over a

horse but by jerking at the reins, and yelling or cursing at him.

Treat horses

Mith uniform and unvarying kindness and they will soon learn to have confidence in their master, and there will be but few " tricky " horses. It is well

even to be on friendly terms with cows and sheep as well as the horse family,

giving them salt, or a little sugar, pieces of apple, or any palatable thing, as bits

of carrots, beets, etc., and especially so with the younger stock, and thus teach

every animal to allow itself to be handled in the yard.

And if, when a

colt or a calf is seen for the first time, it is handled kindly, and so petted every

time it is seen afterwards, it will soon love to see you for the sake of the feeding, handling, etc., and

never more be afraid of you, as it soon will be unless

this kind course is iuiroduced

and constantly pursued.

653

That the disposition of

DR. CEASE'S RECIPES.

654

the horse is, generally, kind, no one can doubt; therefore, if he receives kindness, and only kindness, in return, he will become more, and still more kind to

his master and associate, which the master thus becomes, rather than an austere,

rough, harsh and abusive one, which the naturally kind animal will soon learn

to fear, and the next thing is to hate, and consequently kick or bite, or both, in

self defense or to prevent your coming near enough to abuse him, wht.n this is

the custom of the master; and no one can honestly blame them for it, either.

Learn then, to give the kindness you expect in returu, and there will soon be a

lasting friendship established that will end only with the life of one or the

other.

How Long a Horse Ought to "Work. — It

is

now claimed by our

best horsemen, that, with our many labor-saving machines, a horse ought not

to be worked over 9 hours a day; at any rate he should have two hours at noon

for eating, and to allow the digestion of his food, by which his strength will be

See the digestion of the horse compared

with that of the ox, showing how each should be fed.

greatly aided in his afternoon's work.

—

Raising and Breaking Colts. A correspondent of the Practical Farmer, who says he has had considerable experience in handling colts, gives

his views and practice upon this subject, also such examples of docility,

after his manner of handling them, which are so consistent with what I consider the right thing to do in raising and breaking colts that I believe

it

will

carry more force, or be more likely to be followed, than what I might be able

to say, without corresponding examples, which I could not give. He says:

" I have adopted the rule of haltering my colts at 10 days old, and lead it

at its mother's side whenever I drive her.

I have never found any trouble in

teaching a colt to lead in this way, and long before it is weaned it will be perfectly halter-broken.

I have just brought up from the pasture a colt that was

2 years old in April, to give it a little training. This colt was halter-broken and

led at the side of its mother when sucking, and it is now as docile as any horse

on the farm. A boy 16 years old, who is living with me, harnessed it a few

days ago, and, after driving it round the yard for a short time, hitched it to a

spring wagon and went off alone with it. I should not have allowed it had I

known what he was about, but he came back with the colt as gentle as my old

carriage horse.

This has been about my experience with colts that have been

taught to lead and handle when young. It is easy to accustom a colt to have

harness

thrown

on it, and chains wrapped around its legs, or to have somethe

thing fall from its back, without its being frightened, and if these things are

ever learned it must be when the animal is young. I believe that it is easy to

so train a colt that if the hold-backs come loose on a hill, and let the buggy

against it, instead of being frightened and running away, it will brace itself

and stop the buggy. I remember twice being placed in a position of great danger, with a spirited mare that I had trained from a colt, and if I had not accustomed her to just such treatment as I recommend, I should undoubtedly have

been severely injured or killed. The instances were these: I was approaching

the Miami river, on a turnpike, and had just started down a long, winding

hill, over a fourth of a mile long, when one of the bolts by which the shafts

were attached to the buggy, dropped out. That side of the shafts dropped on

to the mare's heels, and whenever I attempted to rein her in to stop her, the

buggy would run against her. I went fully 300 yards down the hill before I

could get her checked so that it was safe for me to jump out and catch the

"Wheel and stop the buggy, but the mare made no attempt to kick or run. The

DOMESTIC AJUriMALS.

,

m

©tlier case "was tMs: I had stopped at the top of a long hill with a load of wood,

and when I stepped on to the doubletree to climb on to the load, the stick I took

hold of to pull myself up by, pulled out, and I fell with my head between the

mare's heels, and" the stick came rattling down over the chains on top of me.

If she had started at all the wagon would have run over me, for I was exactly

Now, I do not say that every horse can be trained to do

in front of the wheel.

as mine did, but I do say that if it is ever done it must be while it is young, and

that what the colt is taught young it never forgets.

I have no faith in the

theory that a colt should never be put to work until it is 4 years old. Of course,

we must exercise judgment and not strain our young horses by pulling thera

hard, but I see no more reason why a colt should do nothing until it is full

grown, than a boy, and every boy works from the time he is 12 or 14 years old.

A well grown colt can be used for light work from the time it is 30 mouths old

and made to pay its keeping, and if good judgment is exercised it will be all the

better for it.

One thing is indispensable in training a colt, and that is that you

control your temper.

The man who will get angry, and jerk and whip a colt,

is not fit to have charge of it, and need not expect to render it docile and

obedient.

—

Remarks. As this gentleman says, every horse may not be as docDe as his

was, even if trained the same; but the author fully believes that 9 out of every

10 would be equally docile under just such circumstances. But most positively

would not without this early training.

Bitting the Colt and Training to Harness.

—In the warm days of

spring, when the colt is 1 year old, let the bitting process be commenced; and if

the colt has been handled from its birth, as above suggested, it will usually sub-

mit to the bitting process as quietly as he will to any other training. After putting on the bitting fixtures, turn him loose in a safe yard, i. e., with no obstructions, as wagons, sheep raclis, etc. , with which he might come in contact, allowing him an hour or so to become familiar with the harness, being careful to

check him up but little the first time above what he carries his head naturally,

but checking higher and higher each day until the proper carriage of the head

is attained.

I dislike an over-high carriage of the head in any horse.

After a

day or two, a cord 13 to 15 feet in length may be tied to the bits and the colt

allowed or trained, if need be, to exercise in a circle or around you, but never

carrying it so far as to tire or worry him, gently patting and petting him from

time to time to show that no harm is intended. Tliis should be gone over again

and again through the summer and winter following, and when it is 2 years old

it may be harnessed and hitched beside its mother, if she be gentle and kind,

else beside an old, gentle horse, and driven quietly about, at first with only the

harness on, then to a light carriage, with never more than two therein, and

accustomed to driving until it becomes second nature to do as its companion

does, but never upon long and exhaustive journeys; but simply enough to

harden its flesh and aid its muscular development. And even from 3 until 4

years oJd a colt should be driven with exceeding care, never over-loaded, as this

is the critical age of the colt, or its period of second dentition, and it can not,

therefore, masticate hard food, as it can after its teething is completed.

Indeed,

all young horses should be used with care, and never put to steady exhaustive

work until they are 6 years old, after which, with this early care, they will

become stouter and increase in power and speed until 10 or even 12 years old.

i>i2.

656

CEASE'S RECIPES.

while if put to the hardest work at 4 or 5, they wiH not improve beyond

8 or 9.

—

Weaning and Wintering Colts. If the mare is allowed a few oats

while in pasture, whicli is a very proper thing to allow, the colt will soon learn

to eat with her, and as soon as this is observed, it should have a handful or two

daily, where the mother cannot get in to eat them from it; by which means you

increase its development and growth, and save the trouble of having to teach it

And as cool nights approach, it is best to take

to eat them at time of weaning.

the mare to the stable over night, tying the colt near her; if a double stall, by

her side

;

but not to allow suckling, which will take away half, at least, of the

trouble of weaning without their knowing it

and if the mare will eat roots, give

;

such as beets, carrots, turnips, apples, pumpkins, etc. all properly cut into small

pieces to prevent choking; and some persons think all breeding mares should

be taught to eat roots to ensure a better condition of health. The colt will also

soon learn to eat them, but should not be allowed so much as to produce looseness of the bowels; enough, only, to aid digestion. Some persons allow their

but it is not good for either the

colts to run with the dam till winter sets in

The colt should be

colt or the mother, especially if she is again breeding.

weaned, or shut off from the mother, about the end of the sixth month; but

in fact, all winters; should have

should be well cared for the first winter

either a warm stall, or at least a warm, dry place, with plenty of bedding, and

a good brushing every day, being very careful and kind about the legs, to

accustom it to after grooming; give a quart of good, sound oats daily, with

sweet, clean hay, and its little feed of roots, if you have them; but coarse cut

food is not proper for a colt, as it packs too closely for the easy digestion of

young animals. If the fall is particularly dry, when a colt is being weaned, a

few bits of carrots, beets, or turnips will more especially be called for as aids to

,

;

—

digestion, on account of the shriveled condition of the grass.

With these aids

not miss the mother's milk near as much as it otherwise would; and if it

has already been accustomed to them, so much less trouble will now be experit will

If 3 or 4 colts can be shut off together in an adjoining field from the

dams, there will be still less trouble than with one alone.

ienced.

Profit of Raising Colts.

—A colt may be raised for about the same

cost as a cow; but, at three years old, is generally worth as

much as three or

four cows. Not only must the right kind of mares be kept, and the right kind

of colts be raised, but the mother must have the proper care, as indicated under

the head of Brood-mares, Proper Care of, etc. She must also have ample stable

accommodations, when needed. And as the profit of raising good colts is so

large, as before remarked, and the demand for them is becoming so great, let

the farmer keep the mares, which are just as kind and good to work on the

farm as the geldings, and let the latter go to the town-people who care not to

engage in the breeding business.

Colts of Ordinary Training— To Cure of Halter-Pulling.—

Colts which have not been broken young to lead by the side of the mother, as

previously instructed, often annoy their trainer by pulUng at the halter.

For

DOMESTIC ANIMALS.

657

such, place a spring-pole, a pretty stiff one, on the opposite side of the manger

so he shall not see it

;

then pass the halter-strap, or what is better, a rope halter,

that may pass through a hole in the partition or boards, put up for the purpose,

passing to the pole, which shall give

him at least 3 or 4 feet of play, and he

will soon try his full strength upon

it;

but if properly done it will still hold

him, and he will finally walk up to the manger " the captain's office " and

—

—

consider his passage paid for life on not a very large number of pulls either, if

I have seen this done effectually and satisfactorily by

it is skillfully arranged.

.taking the colt to the woods and trimming a sapling of such a size as to

have

the right spring to it, then cut off the top at a proper height, bending down and

tying a long rope to the top and to the halter, then letting it up gentlj^ when

the contest would begin, but always with victory to the sapling, with only a few

trials,

although it is believed to be best to have the sapling hidden from his

being his opponent.

sight, yet he hardly suspects the sapling of

—

How

to Back. When a colt has been somewhat

Colts, to Teach

accustomed to the harness, after our method of training and breaking, it will be

well also to teach him how to back in the following manner: Having put on a

bridle, lead him to the top of rather sloping ground, not very steep, placing

the hind feet down the slope; then facing him, taking hold of the reins, close

to the bits, with a hand on each side, press him gently backward, at the same

time saying " Back, back," while you follow him, guiding him as he backs,

to keep him descending the hill or slope, and not allowing him to turn sideways,

stopping occasionally to caress him, but under no circumstances allow yourself

to strike him, and he will very soon learn what is wanted of him and will willingly do it at the word being spoken every time, if done with patience and gentleness.

After he has learned it fairly on the descending ground, do the same

upon the level, after which harness him to a light empty buggy or wagon and

do the same thing, first upon descending ground, then upon the level; and

finally, if upon a road where the ground is solid, you may get into the vehicle,

and with the reins gently pull upon him, always repeating the words, " Back,

back," until he perfectly understands what is desired of him, when he will do

it as readily as any other thing.

It is only that horses do not know what is

wanted of them, or that they are at first required to back greater loads than

they are able to do, that there is so much trouble in backing them. If the colt

know how to do it. And this plan is as applicable to

but for horses which have not had the advantage of

training and breaking while a colt, as above indicated, it will require more time,

as well as more patience, and a greater amount of gentleness, to accomplish the

undertaking. Observe the three things above indicated and you will never fail:

is

taught, the horse will

horses as

it

is to

colts;

I.

To place the colt or the horse with his back down hill.

II.

When harnessed, let it be only to a light empty wagon.

Always be perfectly kind and gentle,