horses, sheep and hogs healthy, give them salt reguThere is no better vermifuge than salt. Much of the so-called hog-chollarly.

era is due to intestinal worms. Plenty of salt would prevent the accumulation

of these worms. All animals desire salt, showing that it is a want of their

nature, and undoubtedly for wise purposes."

Remarks. Who can fail to see the value of salt for all stock, and that it

should also be given regularly? None, certainly.

—

—

Cows, Accidentally Over-Eating Meal, What to do.—When a

cow has accidentally eaten her fill of meal, do not allow her to drink; and as

soon as discovered, according to the size of the animal, give a drink of from 1

to 2 lbs. of Epsom salts, dissolved in warm water, and repeat the dose in 6

hours if it has not operated; in 6 hours more, if has not yet worked a hole

through, repeat half as much more, and so continue until a movement is obtained.

Jersey Cows, the Best, Large Amounts of Butter from them

Yearly, etc. — The Live Stock Record says: "Our opinion, and also that of

the principal dairymen of the country, is that the Jersey, commonly called

Alderney, is above all others the best cow. They are easily kept, very docile

—

a point not to be overlooked and beautiful give milk of superior richness,

from which is produced finely-colored, solid butter, having an equal texture

and flavor. Butter made from such milk has been known to keep when placed

in a dry (not cold) cellar without the use of ice, and when taken out was in a

hard, finn condition, and was then sold 12 to 15 cents per pound higher than

best ordinary butter.

The cost for Jerseys is not much more than for scrub,

and they will more than make up the difference in price in a few months."

]Mr. R. Goodman, in the Rural Neic Yorker, makes the following statement

He says: " The Jerseys of

as to the superiority of the Jersey over all others.

;

the present day, all over the United States, are not small or ill formed, but larger

and much more symmetrical than was the average Jersey of 20 years since, the

production of milk also being greater, and the yield of butter surprising. In

the latter respect the breeders of all other classes of stock, and even tiie ordinary

farmers, who have continued to swear by their native cows, are forced to admit

that the Jerseys are superior to all others."

Mr. Goodman, after speaking of some very large yields of milk, one herd of

65 cows averaging 295 lbs. of butter each per year, one of 17 head, averaging

225 lbs. each., and one of 15, averaging 281 lbs. each; and of the great Jersey

cow, "Flora," owned by Mr. Motley, making 511 lbs., 2 ozs., in one year;

"Pansy," 572 lbs., etc., closes as follows: " It is not always the Jerseys of the

largest yield of milk which make proportionately the greatest amount of butter.

Those more moderate in quantity are apt to be richer in quality, and a cow giving 12 to 14 qts. of milk per day is usually a more profitable buttermaker than

one giving 20 qts. We have in our herd Jerseys which produce, when flush.

DOMESTIC ANIMALS.

699

over 40 lbs. of milk per day, but we set a higher value on others which yield less,

but whose butter average for the year is greater.

Remarks.

—There may be an occasional cow of other breeds, or possibly, a

native, which gives

an excellent yield, but the best general average belongs,

Only thinli of it, many Jersey cows have an

undoubtedly, to the Jerseys.

average of from 9,000 to 10,000 lbs. of millc in a year. The well known Jersey

cow, "Belle," owned by Mr. Elms, of Scituate, Mass., through the summer

averaged 1 lb. of butter to 5 qts. of milk, and in December 4 qts. made 1 lb. of

butter; but, suppose it took 5 qts., and she gave even only the 9,000 lbs., and

as " a pint is a pound the world round," Belle's yield of butter for a year would

any wonder, then, that Mr. Elms should have refused

The Board of Agriculture of the State (Mass.), speaking of

this celebrated Jersey in their report for 1876-7, say, that, " in March she made

be 900 lbs.

Is there

$3,000 for her?

193^ lbs. of butter per week; 16 in June, 14 in September, and in December, 10

months from calving, and due to calve again in 2 months, made 1 lb. of butter

daily."

I have mentioned these facts that our readers

may see the possibilities

of the Jerseys, and that they may strive to reach the same point of excellence,

by always saving the best calves for dairy and breeding purposes, and to breed

from the best bulls that can be obtained, if it is expected to ever have a herd of

cows that will pay any considerable sum over and above the expense and care

of keeping. What has been done can be done again; but if we do not know

what has been done we have no particular point to strive for. Yet it is only

proper and right that all shall have an opportunity to judge for themselves, so I

will mention what some writer has recently said upon the Durham, claiming

superior milking qualities, and also an advantage for "beefing," as they see it

After

in Ontario, for they, like the English, are great on beef, and fat at that.

giving an item from the Toledo Post, of what the Canadians think of the Durhams, I will also speak of one formerly owned by myself. The item was givea

under the head of

Durham Cows, Their Value for Milk and Beef.— "In Ontario,

Canada, considerable attention is being paid to raising Durham cows, on

account of their superior milking qualities, and for their good beefing. It is

claimed that a 9 year old Durham, fed on ground grain, with bran and grass,

will give 30 lbs of milk at a morning's milking, and from 15 to 16 lbs. of butter

The mixture of the Durham breed with the

is made weekly from her milk:

pure Canadian improves the beefing power of the animals, but decreases the

quantity of milk. In regard to beefing, however, the Durham is far more

profitable than the Alderney Jersey."

Remarks.— Snst at the close of the late war I owned a remarkably fine

Durham cow. She was not only an excellent milker, but was an easy keeper,

and above all was remarkably kind almost affectionate, if I maybe allowed

the expression, in relation to a cow. She would follow me, not only from

place to place, about the lot, but if she saw me going to town, while she was

—

;

and even into a store, if I had occasion to go

her out. I had to do this

several times, when she would see me start off, and I not see her in time to shut

at liberty, she would follow me,

in, unless I set a clerk to stand by the door to keep

DR. CHASE'S RECIPES.

700

her into the yard.

No person could be more kind than she was, in her way.

And if all Durhams are as good as she was to give milk, and as easily kept,

the author would be a Durham man every time. (See Fattening Cattle, how a

Yankee Farmer Makes it Pay in Massachusetts; also see What Durhams are

for Milk, and for Beef, above.)

Calves, Raising by Hand—Hay, Tea, etc., for Them.— "With

good pasture for calves to run in, early cut and properly cured hay, of which

to make the hay tea; oil-cake, or home-ground oatmeal, and the milk of one

cow, three calves, after they are 10 days old, have been successfully kept, and

all the cream from the cow made into butter after the calves were 4 weeks old.

The plan was as follows: Directions— Boil good timothy hay, 1 lb. (better

cut in a cutter, if you have on^ and boil in water, 6 qts., for an hour, keeping

covered, and make up for what may evaporate; then strain and let cool. While

cooling, stir 3 table-spoonfuls of oil-cake, made fine, or pretty finely ground

meal from oats, into 1 qt. of boiling water, slowly, as if making hasty pudding,"

and when properly cooked stir this and the milk of the cow, with a very little

At the first feed

salt, into the hay tea, and give equally to the three calves.

while warm, but after a week or two it does not matter if given cold, but with

each two weeks increase the oil-cake meal or the oatmeal, 1 table-spoonful tor

each calf. And it was claimed that at three months old calves raised in this

way looked as well as those fed on milk entirely. They began to feed on grasB

at a month old, and increased their feeding on the grass until they depended

upon it almost entirely at 3 months. The trifle of salt must not be forgotten;

and if they begin to scour, the milk was boiled and 1 table-spoonful of flour

But I should stir the flour into the

stirred in before it was added to the tea.

milk while scalding. After the first week there was no trouble of this kind,

'

'

unless over-fed.

—

Remarks. I have condensed the above from some agricultural writer who

was not willing to put his name to his recommendations; but as I see it must be

good and was endorsed by the following, I have given it. I would say also, in

case of much scouring, 15 to 20 drops of laudanum to each calf which may

scour may be added until relieved. For further instructions upon this point, if

any bad cases, see " Calves, Indigestion of," etc.

II.

Hay Tea, Also for Calves, WitTiout OtJier Help. The " Young Farmer "

—

who does the agricultural writing for the Boston Journal, under the above

head, gives his experience, which goes to show plainly that calves can be raised

upon hay tea, without milk or other help.

Whether this one swallow (conmake a summer), shall be

trary to the general rule, that one swallow does not

considered a sufficient ground of reason for others to try it, I leave each one to

judge for himself.

still I cannot see

I should have no fears in trying it, if I had calves to raise;

why a little thickening of the hay tea might not be made, with

a proper amount of the finely ground oatmeal, although the milk, it seems, can

be left out without detriment. He says:

Being obliged to buy another cow a short time ago, to keep along my

supply of milk, I picked one out with a calf 5 weeks old at her side. The calf

was by a Dutch or Holstein bull out of a ^ths Jersey cow, and was a very

'

'

DOMESTIC ANIMALS.

701

promising heifer, in every way well formed.

I could not bear to devote it to

the butcher; and I was in a bit of a quandry as I had not a bit of milk, new or

skimmed, to give it. At last a neighbor suggested hay tea. And hay tea it

has had. Not a quart of milk or a spoonful of meal since I got it, and it is

doing as well as any calf I ever raised; grows finely, is fat enough, and seems

to like its hay tea, and to be just as well satisfied with a full meal of that as it

i\^ould be if it had taken its fill right from the cow.

I never tried hay tea

before, and never saw it made or fed out.

I should have given a few roots or a

little meal, but for a desire to see how the tea went, without any other food,

Thus

that I might know whether the calf thrived on that, or on other food.

far, I am very well pleased with the result.

It is not as much trouble to make

the hay tea as to make porridge, and the cost is nothing.

I cut my hay, the

best and finest I have, about 4 inches long, and pour boiling water over it. Let

it stand until about the heat of milk from the cow, then take the hay out and

One of my neighbors says I am

give it to the cow and the tea to the calf.

making the hay worth more for the cow, and so getting a profit, besides raising the calf. At any rate, she eats it greedily. The longer the hay steeps

before it gets cool, the more strength there is in it.

—

Remarks. It will be seen in No. 1 that 1 lb. of hay was used for 3 calves.

This " Young Farmer " does not give any weight, nor the amount of water,

but I should suppose that at least 2 qts. should be left after what is absorbed

by the hay, i. e., for one calf, and that if only the hay tea was to be given, I

Still, the author

of a pound of hay for 1 calf.

should use at least 3^ or

^

must advise, or think, it better to use a couple of table-spoonfuls of the oatmeal, made into mush, or hasty pudding, as No. 1 has it, than to depend on

I think it will prove the most healthful in this way for the

the hay tea alone.

calf.

That the hay tea is a grand invention, in raising calves, I have not a

doubt.

Feeding Calves in Winter. — A person signing himself "Experience,"

of Muir, Mich., in answer to the inquiry of " Breeder," in the Detroit Tribune,

that some of its many readers would tell

him the best feed for calves in vdnter,

" If he will give his calves wheat bran for their morning meal, and

turnips for their evening meal, with what good clover hay they want, and give

them a warm, clean stable, never let them out doors in the cold; water them in

in the evening he will have no trouble to raise good

their stalls once a day

calves and keep them fat and growing.

But under no circumstances should

they be turned out of doors until spring, and if they are kept in the stalls on

bran and turnips until feed is good, they are better for it. The bran should be

fed dry with a small quantity of salt twice a week.

Remarks. The author cannot see why good, warm, dry sheds, with plenty

of bedding or littering daily, will not do very nicely when stable room is not

says:

—

—

—

plenty.

Indigestion of Calves, Remedies for.

— Calves that are fed on milk

becoming

to indigestion;

" pot-bellied," dull and thriftless, appetite varied, sometimes voracious, then

not caring for their food at all bowels irregular, or else regularly loose, and

their passages offensive, which, if not soon remedied, the diarrhoea becomes

chronic and troublesome to cure. The trouble is believed to arise from an

accumulation of curdled milk in the fourth stomach (which is the one useU

principally,

and

carelessly

managed,

;

are

liable

DR. CEASE'S RECIPES.

,j.Q2

until they begin to ruminate— chew the cud—); hence laxatives are first called

for, such as castor-oil or linseed oil, with bicarbonate of soda (baking soda) and

ginger, and if really scouring, 15 or 20 drops of laudanum should be added.

oz. each

The dose for a calf of 3 months, of castor-oil, would beS ozs., with

of the soda and pulverized ginger, with the laudanum, as above, if scouring.

%

And for a few days, or until the condition is greatly improved or health established, give morning and evening, salt, soda, and pulverized ginger, 3^ oz. each,

in a llittle milk; or if the calf is flatulent (windy) dull and weak, add 1 oz. of

sulphate of soda (glauber salts), to the

salt,

soda and ginger, twice daily till

corrected.

The diet in all such cases, must be carefully attended to. If unweaned the

t&M should have its milk fresh and sound thrice daily. A daily allowance of

Comfortable

linseed or gruel or bruised linseed cake will further be serviceable.

When protracted

shelter, a dry bed and plenty of room are also essential.

from weakness, and the mucous membrane has

become irritable and relaxed, advantage usually follows the use of 8 or 10 drops

each of muriatic acid and creosote, given every morning until it abates.

indigestion appears to result

Secures, in Cattle, Horses, Calves and Cholera, or Diarrhcea

of Persons.— Lewis Boynton, of Farmingdale, Bledsoe Co., Tenn., in answer

" Frequently a

to an inquiry about scours in cattle, in one of the papers, says:

It does not afford

handful of salt will relieve cattle and horses of scours.

have recourse to a remedy for cholera that never fails:

camphor, tinct. of rhubarb, and laudanum, equal parts of each Mix.

For an adult, 30 drops; for a horse or cow, a dessert-spoonful; for a

relief in 12 hours, I

Spirits of

Dose —

calf, 1 tea-spoonful.

If not relieved in 3 hours, repeat the dose.

Remarks.— For a child I would add 8 to 10 drops, according to age, and

Give in a little sweetened water

repeat on persons half to an hour, if needed.

For stock, in 14 pt. drench. It will be found very valuable.

to children.

Dairying— Its Profit if Well Managed.— To show the profits of a

well managed dairy, I cannot do better than condense a report made by Jeremiah Pierce, of Hamburgh, N. Y., to the Live Stock Journal, in 1873. Ham-

burgh is in a great dairy section, and its cheese is celebrated all over the counMr. Pierce milked 18 cows, and from April 14th to Nov. 15th— 215 days,

try.

sent to the cheese factory 80,708 lbs of milk; kept at home to feed calves up to

July 1st, 9,625 lbs., making a total of 90,333 lbs., in the 215 days, Sold 837>^

He allows 23 lbs. of milk for

lbs. of butter made before sending to factory.

1 lb. of butter, I think rather a large allowance [.see Jersey cows the best, etc.]

which would regain 19,262 lbs. of milk to make the butter sold, or a total of

109,595 lbs. of milk from the 18 cows— an average of 6,088 lbs. of milk to each

cow for the season. Jerseys, it will be remembered under that head, have given

9,000 to 10,000 lbs. per cow, in a year.

He received for cheese, $886.14; for butter, $293.13; for calves, sold while

young, $43.00; value of 5 calves raised on milk, $60 00; pork made, 500 lbs.,

Gross receipts for each cow for the sea$30.00, making a total of $1,310.27.

The season being a very dry one, he fed, to make up for short

son, $72.79.

DOMESTIC ANIMALS,

703

pasturage, barley sprouts and bran costing $161.08, being $8.94 to each cow,

reducing the proceeds to $63.85 for each cow, which I still think is a pretty

good average.

Notice the point, however, that he feeds extra, as recommended in the next

item, and by all dairymen, so far as I know, to make up for short pasture.

He

claims too, that he got more from his extra feed, than simply making up for

the shortage of the grass, besides keeping his cows in good condition, and good

Mr. Pierce says

heart, for the full supply of grass after the fall rains set in.

in his communication: " I raise my own cows," claiming that cows may be

purchased for less money than it will cost to raise them, but many of these will

be dear at any price. Then raise them, and raise the best you can. In this

report Mr. Pierce made another remark which I consider of the utmost importance, i. e., that "cows which do not come in until they are 3 years old,

make much better milkers, than those that come in at 2." He closes with this

important exhortation: " Brother farmers, don't be afraid of feeding your cows

too well.

I hope to do better next year."

Dairy Cows, to Feed Liberally. — The importance of feeding dairy

cows liberally, more especially when pasture is short, was recently shown so

satisfactorily by the National Live Stock Journal, I will give all its principal

points, although largely condensed.

The editor starts out with the idea that

dairymen should study to produce all the food necessary for his cows upon the

farm, using his most intelligent foresight to this end; but that he should never

them to go with deficient food, even for 1 week; for this he cannot

Hence, he says, when pasture is short, and he has no extra green

feed for them, let us compare the cost of nutriment in some by-product, such

as bran, cotton seed meal, linseed meal, corn meal, etc., some of which he can

suffer

afford to do.

always find near at hand, with pasture grass. Pasture grass, he continues, has

about 80 per cent, of water; and the nutriment of 100 lbs. of it is supposed to

be worth 21 cents. The nutriment of 19 lbs. of fine bran, or 19 lbs. of corn

meal, is just equal to 100

lbs.

of grass.

Cotton seed meal, 10

lbs.; linseed

meal, 12 lbs., have just the same nutriment. Then, as 100 lbs. of grass are

considered a ration for an ordinary sized cow, per day, it is easy to get at the

proper amount of substitute

;

for if 3^ or 3^ short, in the bite of grass, take the

amount of the kind of feed, in pounds, daily, to make up the

deficiency; which any dairj^man can calculate for himself, knowing how much

proportionate

Let us suppose the dairyman is feeding 7 lbs. of fine bran;

would cost 2| cents per day, or 19| cents per week. Now,

the extra milk per week, would more than pay the cost.

Besides, he might

have added, it keeps the cow from falling off In flesh, and losing heart, or

short the grass is.

this,