expecting

:

-Di?.

686

It to cleanse the

CHASE'S RECIPES.

parts and eradicate the worms.

If this fails in any case, ho'W'

ever, give a drench of linseed oil, 1 pt., with J^ oz. of spirits of turpentine in

it, and repeat it the third morning after, if the first dose does not carry them oflE

freely.

The same you will see is used as an injection for pin-worms, below.

It is safe in either method of using.

2. For the Pin-Worms that Infest the Rectum. — I cannot see

why a solution, weak lye, made with these ashes, and injected, for a few times,

will not also eradicate

them.

Some of these, however, almost always go

higher up, to get out of the reach of injections, and after a week or 10 days

return to the rectum, when the same shall be repeated, to clear them out entirely, no

matter whether you use

linseed oil, 1 pt., with

this,

or inject the usual remedy; which

% oz. spirits of turpentine in

for a week, with the repetition, as above.

it,

is

injecting every morning

It is well also, after either

of these

treatments, to tone up the system with the tonic condition powders, which never

come amiss, spring and fall, although no special disease may manifest itself.

Heaves, a Claimed Cure. — Although

this is out of its alphabetical

have tried to arrange the horse recipes, yet as it was given by the

same man who gave the ash plan, above, for worms, I will give it here, and

although I can hardly expect it to cure the worst heaves, as he claims, it may

prove better than I have dared to hope, as the article, blood root, is known to

be valuable in coughs and throat difficulties of persons. He says: Get blood

root, }>^ lb., pulverized, and give 1 table-spoonful in the feed, the same as the

ashes were to be given for the worms, above, (on the old plan of take 3 and

skip 3, till nine are taken), will cure the worst heaves: He says, however, folplace, as I

low it up till cured.

Feeding Stock Horses, and Also Best Rations for "Winter

Feeding on the Farm. — Although considerable has already been said as to

proper care in feeding work -horses especially to avoid

colics, etc. ; yet stock

and especially the winter care of

horses, when but little is being done with them, have not been fully considered;

and as such matters are known to be better understood by stockmen, I will

quote from E. W. Stewart, in the Rural New Yorker, one of the most prominent men of that class in our country. See, also, an item taken from his prize

essay on "Fattening CatUe," found under that head. Every word from such

a man may be considered perfectly reliable and the best thing to" tie to " that

can be found upon the subject upon which he is speaking. Upon the importance of the horse as the motive power on the farm, and also |the importance

of keeping him in full condition and strength in winter, he says

" The horse is the principal motive power on the farm, and therefore

I.

needs the best attention. This class of stock is kept wliolly for its muscle, and

the working and culture of the farm must depend greatly upon the character

and condition of the horses. The winter season is one of comparative leisure

for horses, as farms are usually managed, and farmers appear to think horses

horees, nor the plans of general feeding,

require little attention when they are not in hard labor.

Tiiey are quite in the

habit of keeping tliem upon poor haj^ and straw at this season, reserving all

grain for spring feeding. But this is very bad policy. Horses generally come

to winter quarters in tliin condition from their summer's labor, and require

judicious feeding and good care to recover their full working capacity; and

DOMESTIC ANIMALS.

687

farmers should remember that it is much cheaper to put horses in conditio^

when work is very light, and that all the extra flesh put on in winter represents

so much extra labor available in spring.

Besides, it should always be the aim

of team-owners to keep their horses iu good working condition, for it takes less

food to keep up condition than to recover it when lost."

II.

To avoid colics and aid in digestion he says: " Let us examine a few

rations for work-horses in winter.

Horses are often subject to colic from

improper feeding. When fed upon cornmeal alone, its large percentage of

starch renders it too heating, and, besides, it is a very concentrated food, and

being just moistened with saliva so as to be swallowed, it goes into the stomach

in the compact form of dough, and the gastric juice cannot circulate through

it so as properly to perform its office, and internal heat, fever and colic often

occur from want of proper digestion. All such concentrated food should be

mixed with cut hay, the hay bemg just moistened so that the meal will adhere

to it.

This mixes the concentrated with the bulky food, and the hay separates

the particles of meal so as to render the mixture porous and the gastric juice

now circulates freely through the mass and operates upon the whole contents of

the stomach at once. The best way to use cornmeal as a single grain food is to

mix it with moistened (cut) clover hay. If the clover is of good quality it contains a larger percentage of albuminoids (muscle-forming food) than cornmeal,

and thus helps to balance the constituents."

[Possibly it may not be amiss to call attention here to the subject of scalding meal by pouring on boiling water, as mentioned under the head of " Meal

and Hay for Fattening Stock." If scalding it for fattening purposes makes it

more digestible, why not in general feeding? Still, as it is to be mixed with cut

hay here it is not so absolutely necessary. Author.]

On the Best Feed or Rations for Work-Horses he says: "But one of

III.

the best rations for work-horses is corn, oats and flaxseed, ground together the

corn and oats in equal weight, and to 19 bushels of the mixture of corn and

oats add 1 bushel of flaxseed, and grind fine, all together.

The corn and oats

make a well-balanced ration, and the flaxseed is rich in oil, muscle-fonning and

—

bone-building elements; but its oil is its greatest sanitary element. This small

proportion of oil is just sufficient to keep the bowels in excellent condition, the

coat sleek, and every part of the system in well-balanced activity.

And then

by feeding this ground mixture with twice its bulk of moistened cut hay you

have as perfect a ration for work-horses as can be compounded. All regular

grist-mills now have an apparatus for mixing different grains together, so that

the farmer has only to carry the oats, corn or flaxseed in proper quantity to mill

and they will all be mixed without hand labor. If the farmer has no strawcutter he may use oats or wheat chaff to mix with the meal to render it porous."

[The author would hardly risk the mixture of so small a proportion of

I should prefer it to be ground alone and put in the

proper amount with each feed but possibly the machinery Mr. Stewart refers

to may do it better than I should expect.]

IV. For Wintering Horses Doing but Little Work Amount and Kinds of

Feed Necessary. Upon this subject he closes by saying: "In wintering horses

that are doing but little work, straw may be fed with the last ration and the

horses will do well.

From 8 to 10 lbs. of this meal to each horse daily will

When oats are too expensive

bring them through finely, even on good straw.

cornmeal and wheat bran mixed in equal weights, with 1 pt. of oatmeal to each

horse, will give a good result.

If hay is scarce, 2 lbs. of decorticated (hulled)

cotton-seed meal, 4 lbs. of cornmeal, 4 lbs. of bran and cut straw will winter

horses well.

But there should always be a variety in the food. If the farmer

has clover hay and straw, these should be mixed together better if both be cut

flaxseed with the other.

;

—

—

—

before mixing, but they may be mixed iu the manger without cutting."

DR- CHASE'S RECIPES.

688

Amount of Food Necessary for a Horse at Work.—The English railway (or, as we call them here, street car) companies, feed their horses a

mixed feed, about as follows, for 6 horses: Hay, 376 lbs., and straw, 84 lbs.,

both cut into chaff;

bran, 14 lbs.

oats,

336 lbs.;

Indian corn, 252 lbs.;

beans, 84 lbs.;

All mixed evenly together and ground; then, I should judge,

mixed proportionally, with the moistened cut hay and straw. This makes an

average of 11 lbs. of the mixed hay and 16 lbs. of the mixed grain for each

horse daily. A fair feed, if not overworked, as many of them do in our cities.

A Pennsylvania farmer says: Two quarts of meal per day is not enough

for a horse that is working; but an excellent mixture of grain is cracked corn,

and oats, 3 bushels. [The author would say better if ground together

See Mr. Stewart's Best Feed, or Rations for Work

Horses.] Of this, he goes on to say, a small horse that is driven, or worked,

should have 2 qts. at a feed, given 3 times a day, with 5 lbs. of hay (cut), night

and morning. And a horse that is not working, but will be, soon, would be the

better for a daily feed of 2 qts of grain (oats) given at noon.

Remarks. This undoubtedly refers to a horse which is not being fed upon

the meal mixture, but simply hay, or other coarse food.

1 bushel,

in equal proportions.

—

For Old Horses. — For old horses the oats should most certainly be

ground, and their coarse food also cut, dampened and the ground oats mixed

with it, as their teeth are not in condition to grind for themselves; and if they

It is worthy of

are left to do it, they do not get half the value of the grain.

Younger horses may do tolerably well grinding for themselves; but

attention.

they will do much better if it is ground for them.

Apples Valuable for Horses. — Remarks have been made in connection with the subject of carrots, parsnips and other roots of valuable food for

cattle, etc., in which apples are shown to possess, largely, the power of dis-

solving other coarse food for them, why not then good for horses?

(See this

and other

Apples possess it in greater abundance than almost any other

roots for cattle.

Of course it is only sour apples that have this power, and

article known.)

hence it is only them that should be fed. One writer says: I have occasionally

pectine, or dissolving power, described in connection with carrots

fed sour apples to my horses, with excellent results. They are a certain cure

Another one says: I

I feed half to a whole pailful once a week.

for woiTOs.

am in the habit of turning my horaes into the orchard in the fall, where they

can eat as many apples as they like. I find they derive much benefit from them,

and gain flesh much more rapidly than others which did not receive an apple

y

feed.

Parsnips Valuable as

Food for Horses. —In the article above

referred to, parsnips were spoken of as having been fed in France, by a horse

breeder, there, for 20 years, with better success than when he used to feed carIt

rots, from the larger amount of pectine, or pectic acid, which they contain.

from the presence of this dissolving power, in apples, as well as parsnips,

which make them so valuable as food, when properly cut and mixed with other coarse food, as hay, cornstalks, straw, etc., all

properly' cut, both for horses and cattle.

is

carrots, beets, rutabagas, etc.

,

DOMESTIC ANIMALS.

689

Turnips Valuable as an Occasional Peed for Horses.—Turnips

are healthful for horses, when sliced, or what is better, pulped finely and mixed

with a little salt and corn meal.

or field turnip.

Of course rutabagas are richer than the flat,

Bran, its Value for Reducing Inflammation, and as a Laxative.

— Bran mashes are cooling and laxative, and valuable after inflamma-

tions, and for giving various

medicines in, but should not be given in a dry

state; for if fed to any considerable extent dry, it is liable to form into

lumpy

become almost, if not wholly, impossible to pass the bowels,

and hence death has been known to occur from this cause.

secretions, which

Halter Piilling, Sensible Remedy.

—The Country Gentleman, in

response to a request from a correspondent for a cure for horses which have

contracted the habit of halter pulling, says:

^ inch rope, put the center of

it

" Take a sufficiently long piece of

under the tail like a crupper, cross the rope

on the back and tie the two ends together in front of the breast snugly, so there

is no slack, otherwise it would drop down on the tail.

Put an ordinary halter

on a good one and run the halter strap or rope through a ring in the manger

or from the stall and tie fast in the rope on the front of the breast, and then

He will not choke nor need telling to stop

slap his face and let him fly back.

pulling back. Let him wear it awhile, and twice or thrice daily scare him

back as suddenly and forcibly as possible. After one or two trials you will see

that he cannot be induced to pull back."

—

—

Lice Upon Colts, Cattle and Other Animals—Easy and Safe

Remedy. —J. M. Johnson says in the loica Homestead that aloes, in fine powder, is a specific for the destruction of lice on all animals.

properties, its intense bitterness being what kills.

It has no poisonous

It can be freely applied,

and

used in a dry state, its application is as safe in cold as in warm

weathei", consequently it is free from all objections urged against other remedies.

Use with fine pepper-box, dusting and rubbing it in all over, then curry

as

it

is

to be

out inside of a week

;

repeat if necessary.

Ointment for Grease-heel in Horses. — Honey and lard, of each

3^ lb.;

tar,

%

lb.;

white vitriol, and sugar of lead, of each 1 oz.; alum,

%

lb.

The first 4 articles are to be melted together, and the others finely powdered

and mixed in by stirring, and stirring until cold

to keep

them evenly mixed.

This, in grease-heel, must be put on cloth and thoroughly bound on, and kept

on for 36 hours; wash with casteel soap, and repeat the whole as needed.

No

case is known where 3 applications did not effect a perfect cure.

Remarks.

—"When cleaning or rubbing with fingers to remove scabs, always

use flat of fingers and never the finger-nails.

The parts must be dried by rub-

bing, after cleansing with casteel soap, before applying the ointment.

If a man has a horse with grease-heel, this

his horse.

44

ointment is worth as much as

0-^TT3LE.

Working Oxen, etc.—Digestion— Ho-w to Feed.— See "Horse?

— Digestion

of," compared with the ox, how they should be fed, etc.

I wiU

simply say here, that an ox liaving a larger stomach, or rather four stomachs,

while the horse has but one, is not refreshed and strengthened as the horse is by

a feed of meal alone, but needs it to be mixed with cut hay or cut straw, for a

noon feed, and at least two hours for feeding and ruminating, i. e., " chewing

liis cud," to get the full benefit of

his dinner.

As to Cows. —Although they ought to have the best of feed and care all

the time, if rich milk, good butter or good cheese are expected from them; yet,

the time when they need more especial care, is for a couple of weeks before,

and at the time of calving, for if they pass this period without accident, and

do not have milk-fever following it, there is generally but little trouble with

This disease is not as prevalent in the Western States as in the Eastern,

them.

especially Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and Connecticut, and

it

is

believed to

be more prevalent on account of their higher feeding to obtain all the milk possible from them, and also that of a rich butter, or cheese producing quality,

and hence meal enters largely into their feed, which alone, is of a heating

nature, and has a tendency, at this particular period, it is believed, to make the

cow more likely to have milk-fever.

A Mr. Ansel W. Putnam, of Danvers,

Mass. gives his experience to his fellow dairy-men through the New York Tribune, to enable them to avoid having this disease, which is far better than to be

Let me

able to cure even after it has once set in, but the fact is few are cured.

,

say then, that as I fully believe Mr. Putnam's plan of giving cold water enough

to satisfy thirst, is better than the giving only a little warm water, as heretofore

recommended.

I the

more cheerfully recommend every one to follow all his

directions, and thus avoid the disease.

Milk-Fever, To Avoid.

He says:

— "I am in the habit of giving water to cows,

as soon as they drop their calves, and I have never known a case of milk-fever

when the cow had all tllB water she wanted soon after calving, and the want

was kept supplied at short intervals, giving a pailful at a time, fresh from the

In all cases of milk-fever that I have known anything about, the cows

went without water for a long time, and then were allowed to drink a large

quantity, and the re-action was too great for the system.

"Cows which are fat," Mr. Putnam says, "should have no heating food

for two weeks before calving. And, first, to milk the cow as soon as she calves,

then to give her a bucket of water, fresh from the well, such as a thirsty man

would relish. In half an hour after give her another, and so on until she is

well.

fiatisfied.

Very few," he continues, " understand how necessary it is to supply

690

DOMESTIG ANIMALS.

691

the cow's system with water soon after calving, but it should be done gradually,

as above directed." Mr. Putnam concludes as follows: