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4/4/26

This

being done, the drills were closed in the ordinary manner to the natural level,

and the work was finished. Wherever soot was applied the crops turned out

clean and good scarcely a trace of the wire-worms' ravages was to be seen,

;

while those from rows not dressed with soot were quite the reverse, the potatoes

being pierced through in every direction and fit only for feeding pigs."

Remarks. This, of course, would be as good in America as in England.

The chimney-sweeps of London make the soot plenty. there; but this is not

—

MISCELLANEOUS.

593

followed in our country as closely, notwithstanding its great importance in preWhere the soot can be obtained it isworthy of atrial.

venting the start of fires.

Wire-worms among strawberry vines may be destroyed by a liberal use

of wood ashes, or some other form of potash.

When

tlie Ground

4. Wire-Worms, to Starve, or Destroy,

Michigan farmer writes to

is Full by Summer-Fallow and Salt.

the New York Tribune, desiring information in relation to the treatment of

—A

low river-bottom land, on which he lias failed to get a catch of cultivated grass.

He says the original sod of wild grass was turned over and a fair crop of buckwheat grown but the seeding of a cultivated grass was a failure, at least in

That the next season the land was well prepared and planted to com,

spots.

which wire-worms destroyed. To this the agricultural editor of that journal

"The corn crop being destroyed by wire- worms is evidence that the

replies

same insect destroyed the grass seeding. I have never known any crop to grow

uninjured, except buckwheat, on land infested with wire-worms. Weeds and

some wild grasses, having a hard and tough root, like the buckwheat, will

grow but the more delicate grasses and grain crops are destroyed. The best

means of getting rid of the worms is to starve them, or they may be otherwise

destroyed by the liberal use of salt, say at the rate of two barrels per acre or

sowing two crops of buckwheat in succession, keeping the land well cultivated

during the time the crops do not occupy it, so that the worms can find nothing

to feed upon, will starve them, as they cannot feed on the buckwheat root, it

;

being too hard.

" I have in two instances destroyed this insect by a thorough summer-falfield of some ten acres of flat and mucky land was so full of worms

low.

that no crop could be successfully grown.

This I desired to cultivate. The

land was plowed late in the fall, and the following season plowed four or five

was allowed to grow, since which time,

times, at intervals, so that nothing

some 20 years, no worms have been seen or their work. In another case a

field of about 20 acres had been much damaged by them.

It was summer-fallowed and plowed but three times, with intermediate cultivation with harrow

and cultivator, so that nothing grew and no signs of the worm have appeared

since, which was some six years ago, a crop of grain or grass having been

grown annually since. I would advise the inquirer to summer-fallow his land

one season in this thorough manner, allowing nothing to grow to feed the

worms; then seed, first of October, to grass, of such variety as he desires to

raise, without any grain crop with it, and I think he will gain his object of a

good seeding."

Remarks.

—Although this edition does not speak of applying

of summer-fallowing, yet, I should certainly do so

salt, the season

and by the way,

it has

been found the refuse salt, which can be obtained at salt-boiling houses, can be

got much cheaper than good salt, while it also contains chemical properties

which make it much better than common salt as a

proved at the Saginaw.

;

fertilizer.

This has been

Two birds again killed with one stone, where this can

—

DR. CHASE'S RECIPES.

594

be attained; and where it cannot, the dirty and refuse salt from pork-pacMng

houses, is much cheaper than barrel salt.

—

5. Cut Worms, to Destroy. By accident I have discovered a means

and time by which to destroy the great garden pest, the cut or collard worm.

On picking up a piece of board that lay in my walk-way, a few days ag'", i dis-

Curiosity led me to turn other boards that lay near.

To my great astonishment, when I had turned nearly a dozen, in different parts

covered several worms.

of the garden, I found that I had killed 76 worms and destroyed scores of eggs,

which look like little bits of lint cotton rolled up. The next day I searched the

same boards, which I had carefully replaced, and killed 78 worms.

The third

search I found a small collar-head (small cabbage) that had been cut for cows

and left by being overlooked. On examining it, there were found under it and

on it 26 worms. My suggestion is to lay boards (pine is the best) about for

traps, in the spring, and watch them closely; the saving in young vegetables

will be immense.

SoutJiern Plantation.

—

Remarks. Let this destruction of these worms commence as early as the

spring opens, and you may consider your cucumbers, cabbages, etc., quite

safe.

6. Cut-Worms and Birds, to Prevent From Cutting or Pulling Corn and Other Grain, by Preparing the Seed Before Plant-

ing.

—The OJdo Farmer

tells

us that a horticulturist "prevents

all

kinds of

grain from the ravages of the cut-worm, birds, etc., by dissolving sulphate of

iron (copperas) 1 lb. and aloes 1 oz. in water heated to 90 or 95 and sufBcient to

soak 1 bushel of seed grain in, before planting."

The iron and the aloes are

too much for them. I think also this would be too much for bugs on cucumbers, squashes, melon vines, etc.

CUCUMBERS—Fresh for Townspeople, who have only a

Small Yard. — A Wisconsin gardener, on the strength of experience, recommends townspeople who want fresh cucumbers, to grow them in a barrel half

sunk in the back yard, half filled with manure, and the remainder with soil;

the seeds planted on the surface, and vines drooping over the sides.

Remarks. They do well, I know, by supporting the vines on bushes, although planted in the ordinary way in a garden. One writer says they will

—

grow on a trellis as readily as grape-vines.

In small gardens this is an object.

Cucumbers, Melons, Cabbage, Tomatoes, etc. —To prevent

Bugs from destroying the Plant. — I. For Cvcumhers. — Experience has

shown that if a box or frame about 12 inches square, and 5 or 6 inches deep,

having neither top nor bottom, is put over each hill of cucumbers when planted,

and banked up around the bottom so that the striped bug cannot crawl under,

they will never light down in the boxes, and hence, any plants thus protected

are safe from their depredations. Boxes may be removed before the plants

begin to run over them, and be saved for another year. Half-inch stuff is heavy

enough for them, if well nailed. See also Oiled Cloth for Hot-Beds; Boxes for

Hills; Safe Culture from Bugs, etc., which is only a little more expeusiva

MISCELLANEOUS.

595

—

n. For Cabbage, Tomatoes, etc. In place of boxes, other persons have

recommended the peeling of ash, bass wood, or other saplings of about 4 inches

In diameter, that will peel, be cut oflE in lengths of about 4 or 5 inches, and the

rings placed over cabbage, tomatoes, or other plants as a perfect protection,

securing well at the bottom to prevent their crawling under. When the bark

of any suitable tree cannot be got, pasteboard rings, I think, would answer

all purposes, tied together to prevent them from opening out.

The same as

the barks would be.

III.

For Melons, or other plants in hills, use the bark of larger trees.

This, the writer claimed to be better than paper, which I had recommended in

one of my former books, as the bark does not soften down by the rains. Boxes

will do just as well, if any less trouble to obtain.

Either must be pressed a

little into the ground so the bugs cannot crawl under.

See also the profitableness of onion

tories which put up pickles, to

pickle

above

experience at

called,

first,

culture.

TURNIPS, BEETS, ETC.— To Keep Nicely in Cellars for

Winter Use. Applicable to all Kinds of Roots and Large Fruits.

—All kinds of roots keep better in the cellar by throwing fresh

dirt over them;

but turnips and beets especially keep much better for this, as they soon wilt

and lose their freshness without it.

Put in barrels, if it is too unhandy to

thus cover them on the floor, by putting dirt in the bottom, and a layer every

few inches, the roots not to come out to the sides by an inch at least, and then

5 or 6 inches of dirt on top. Large casks or boxes will do as well, and be less^

trouble.

Some people do not put any earth in until the barrel is filled to within

6 inches of the top, then shake in dry sand, or dry road-dust, and cover with

the same, or fresh earth.

Only such as are wanted for winter use are treated

in this way, the others stand in root-pits, ventilated as seen under that head.

" A cellar," says a writer, " that is cool dry, dark and well ventilated, ia,

the best place for preserving potatoes in large quantities.

tities are to be

preserved there

nothing like dry sand.

said of fruits and roots of all sorts."

When smaller quanThe same may be

See below.

This is fully confirmed by the next item, so far as lemons and oranges areconcerned, from a California paper.

2, Fruit Packing, Lemons, Oranges, Sweet Potatoes, etc., by

Sand, Effectual for, as Done at Los Angeles, Cal. "The citrus, or

lemon men, of Los Angeles," says the correspondent, " have made a discovery

of great value to Florida." [Then why not to every place, or man who desired

—

to keep fruit, sweet potatoes, etc.,

any considerable time, for any purpose?]

"dry sand," he goes on to say, " is the best packing for lemons and oranges.

The fruit must touch the sand.

Experience (is our best teacher) warrants,

keeping for 5 months at least.

The dry sand has absorbing power that apparently takes up all exudations subject to decomposition, the rind being very porous.

Naturally the thoughtful mind suggests that, on the same principle, dry

sand must have similar preservative effect on other fruits, such as pears, plums,

nectarines, apples, and other smooth -skinned varieties."

^marks. Yes, that is just what the principle does teach. If dry sand

—

lemons and oranges for 5 months, it will do the same with apples

and the other fruits he names, and sweet potatoes as well, and every other fruit

will keep

which perishes from the outside from natural dampness or from dampness

from the rotting of the skin, which is the way most fruits, sweet pota-

arising

MISCELLANEOUS.

toes, etc., do decay, as well as

.597

from slight bruising, which everyone must be

careful not to do.

—

Root Pits, To Ventilate. A gentleman of Oswego county, New

York, "J. T.," writes to Farm and Fireside, of Springfield, O., of the importHe says: "I have found, by costly experience,

•ance of ventilating root pits.

that it is not safe to pile a great quantity of roots together and cover with earth,

unless some means of ventilation is provided, such as by carrying one or more

pipes, made of drain tile set on end, or narrow boards nailed together, from the

These pipes may be loosely plugged with

center of the heap to the surface.

straw, which will prevent the entrance of frost.

I once lost several wagon loads

of beets, during a December thaw, by neglecting this precaution."

Remarks. This accounts for many "holes" of potatoes and other roots I

have seen rotted, undoubtedly, for want of ventilation. I should prefer the

small board box, in place of pipes, to run down well into the heap and have

—

holes bored into tlie sides, to carry off the moisture clear up to the top of the

lieap, because if there is moisture at the top, the rotting will begin, and

thus

lun downwards, by dripping from the rotting ones, and spoil all.

1. CONCRETE—Proportions of Cement, Sand and Granite

TJsed in Foundations in the United States and England.

gentleman of Kansas made inquiry of the Blade for the process of making corv

Crete, or artificial stone; to which the answer was: "There are varioiis processes.

The immense masses of concrete that form the foundations of the great

East River bridge, between New York and Brooklym, are composed of Rosen-

—

dale cement, 1 part (say bushels), 2 of sliarp, clean sand, and coarse beach

^avel, 4 parts. The gravel was from 1 inch to 23^ in diameter. The cement

and sand were first mixed with water in a mill, and afterwards mixed with the

.gravel by means of shovels used by hand.

This concrete, it is expected, will

last for centuries."

—

2. Concrete, Proportions as TJsed in England. Cooley, in his

Practical Receipts (English), says: " Concrete, proper, is a compact mass, com^

posed of pebbles, lime, and sand, employed in the foundations of buildings.

The best proportions are 60 parts (bushels or any other measure) of coarse peb

ties, 25 parts of rough sand (meaning clean, sharp sand), and 5 parts of lime.'

—

Remarks. Of course, he means water-lime, or, as we call it here, cement

the Rosendale, I think, being considered the best. Still, any good article will

do.

But many houses are built of it in the United States, and in doing so, generally, the pebbles or gravel are not used as coarse as above given, but finer, and

make up for it by putting in coarser stone, from the size of the first, upward;

and often flat stone are put in but care should be observed in placing these in

the frames of plank in which the house is carried up, that these stone are all

well imbedded in the mortar or cement, else they weaken, rather than strengthen,

;

the concrete walls.

I like the proportions as used in No. 1 best, as it makes a

stronger cement, and, especially, should greatly prefer it if I was going to use

common stonfe lime in building a house or other concrete building. Good com-

DR. CEASE'S RECIPES.

598

mon lime may do well for stables and other small out-buildings; but I should

prefer the water-lime or cement for houses in which I expected to live.

FRUIT, EGGS, Etc.—Kept well by Cold Storage.—The /SW^titifie

American gives us the following practical fact upon this important point.

It says the increasing use of cold storage for perishable food stuffs, which are

apt to be scarce at certain seasons, is one of the characteristics of the time.

Last summer when fresh eggs were plentiful and cheap, a gentleman in Che-

nango county, N. Y., stored in a mammoth cooler some 5,000 barrels of eggs.

Now they sell in this city as "fresh laid" eggs, at a large profit.

are removed, the cooler

is filled

As the egga

up with ducks and other fowl to be sold next

spring.

—

Remarks. This plan is certainly practicable, and has been done for some

time past. It is done by means of ice. I think there is a patent on some forms.

of the coolers, but I have no doubt a good mechanic can get up a plan with an

ice house that would be effectual, and not be an infringement.

See other Plans

of Preserving Eggs also.

STAMMERING—

—

to Cure. A gentleman who had stammered from

childhood to nearly manhood, gives the plan that cured him, as follows: He

says, go into a room where you will be quiet and alone, get some books that

will interest but not excite you, and sit down and read 3 hours aloud to yourself, keeping your teeth together.

Do the same thing every 2 or 3 days, or

once a week if very tiresome, always taking care to read slowly and distinctly,

moving the lips but not the teeth. Then, when conversing with others, try to

speak as slowly and distinctly as possible, and making up your mind you will

not stammer. Well, I tried this remedy, not having much faith in it, I must

confess, but willing to do most anything to cure myself of such an annoying

difficulty.

I read for 2 hours aloud with my teeth together. The first result

was to make my tongue and jaws ache, that is while I was reading, and the

next to make me feel as if something had loosened my talking apparatus, for I

could speak with less difficulty immediately. The change was so great that

every one who knew me remarked it. I repeated the remedy every 5 or 6 daysfor a month, and then at longer intervals until cured.

Remarks.

—

It will

be found tiresome at first, but, no doubt effectual if

faithfully done, observing the rules, to speak slowly and distinctly in after con-

and I should think it important also, for

some time at least, to keep the teeth shut while talking, as it gives something

new to engage tlie mind in place of the old habit of hesitation which started

the habit of stammering. 'Tis worthy of a fair, and if need be a long trial.

versation as well as while reading;

PAPERING.— Making the Paste, etc.—As many people desire to

do their own papering, a few hints will not be amiss:

Walls that have been white-washed may be papered by first wetting

the walls well with alum water, 1 lb. to 2 gals, of water, and letting dry before

papering.

II.

Trim one edge off with the shears, and match the pattern as you cut

off the lengths.

MISCELLANEOUS.

599

Make the paste the day before it is wanted to have it cold when ap-

Ifl.

A gal. or 5 qts. will be needed for a room requiring 12 to

Mix a little over 1 pt. of flour into a thin dough, and thin down to

to avoid lumps; put then 1 gal. of water into a kettle, and when it boils, pour

plied to the paper.

14 rolls.

in the thin, hot batter and stir to avoid burning until it boils again; then pour

into a tin pail or pan, and let stand

till

next day, and

lumpy, strain and

press through a coarse muslin, and proceed with the papering.

Rub out care-

fully with a towel all wind puffs, to avoid wrinkles when dry.

PLAWTATN'S, Etc.—To Destroy on the Lawns.—The countrygentleman tells us to destroy these pests by dropping carefully a simple drop

of sulphuric acid into the center of the plant. One drop will do the business;

more will be likely to do harm.

Remarks. The harm would be in its spreading to kill grass. The best

way to do it carefully is to get what druggists call a "dropper." A small glass

tube, having one end small and bent, while at the other end is a small rubber

bulb; but you must be careful, also, not to take up acid enough to reach the

bulb, as it would destroy that as well as the plants; and your clothes or flngeris

too, if you get it upon them.

I like to see the dandelions in blossom; but

they spread so fast 'tis well to destroy them. It must be done as soon after

they come up as possible, lest they get too large for a single drop.

—

Toothache Drops, Japanese, Magical. — To quiet the pains in an

aching tooth nothing can excel Japanese Drops.

The formula (recipe) is:

" Put together equal parts of creosote, chloroform, carbolic acid (liquid), oil of

peppermint, oil of cloves, and oil of camphor (camphorated oil, kept by drug-

The result is a liquid that will give almost instant relief, if applied on

is no more fiery va.

the mouth than oil of cloves would be. The drops smell most strongly of

gists).

a bit of cotton to the cavity of an aching tooth, and yet

creosote, while peppermint predominates in the taste.

Kttle as possible of the mixture."

Remarks.

It is best to swallow as

Counti'y Oentleman.

— This properly belongs to the Medical Department, but

it is

too

good to lose, and hence I put it here. A little of it might be rubbed on the gum,

but if you get too much about the mouth it will irritate it and make it sore. So

only wet a small bit of cotton to put in the tooth, not to have an overplus to

run out. See also "Headache Cure, Magical." I have found it the most

magical of anything I ever tried for the headache.

Rum Sherbert. —Rub loaf sugar over the rinds of 3 fresh oranges.

To 3 qts. of water, add the juice of 1 doz. large oranges; sweeten to taste with

loaf sugar (any white

oranges

;

sugar will do), using also the sugar rubbed over the

Grated pineapple may be added

flavor highly with rum, and freeze.

when it is partly frozen, if hked.

Remarks.

— should like

better as a drink, rather than to freeze and eat.

SCARE-CROWS— How to Make.— Take two small, cheap

mirrors, fasten them back to back, attach a cord to and

hang them to a pole.

When the glass swings the sun's rays are reflected all over the fleld, even if it

—

DR. CEASE'S RECIPES.

600

be a large one, and even the oldest and bravest crow will depart precipitately

should one of its lightning flashes fall on him. [Good only while the sun

shines.]

II.

The second

plan, although a terror to the crow,

especially well

suited to fields subject to the inroads of small birds, and even chickens.

involves the artificial hawk, made from a large potato and long goose or turkey

feathers.

The maker can exercise his imitative skill in sticking the feathers

into the potato so that they resemble

It is astonishing

the spread

what a ferocious looking

tail

and wings of a hawk.

bird of prey can

be constructed

from the above simple material. It only remains to hang the object from a

tall, bent pole, and the wind will do the

est.

The bird will make swoops

and dashes in the most threatening manner.

Even the most inquisitive of

venerable hens have been known to hurry rapidly from its dangerous vicinity,

•while to small birds it carries unmixed dismay.

Scientific Ajnerican.

Remarks. Take a long potato, and if the boy takes a little pains, he can

get up a good representation of a hawk and the longer the string, the more

flopping around there will be to frighten the hens from scratching up the

corn.

Crows, I hardly think, would be much frightened by this last plan,

A stuffed coat and pants would be better for them.

—

;

2. Another plan is to string a few kernels of corn on long horsehairs,

and place about the corn fields. The crows will swallow some of them and

make such a noise of alarm as to drive the others away, while he will continue to scratch his throat to get rid of the corn, or rather the hair, which

is said to rid

the field of

them for the season.

It is easily tried.

Way

Hawks

to Catch.— Set a pole, 15 feet

and Owls, Best

high, or thereabouts, in a place near where the chickens are kept, and fasten

a steel trap on the top and set it, so that when they light on it which they

"sure pop," every time.

will do, it takes them,

STORING CELERY — For Spring Use.— The Oermantown Telegraph says: " We have tried most ways, but prefer this one, followed for many

years.

A trench is dug from 12 to 15 inches in depth and as long as may be

suitable.

Place the roots in this singly, side by side, at an angle

that is,

leaning somewhat three inches of soil are packed against them then another

line of stalks, until the bed is as large as may be convenient for covering, when

another, if required, can be made.

The soil should be added until within 6

inches of the top of the stalks; then a layer of straw, then a layer of dry leaves;

the whole to have a good board covering, to keep out water.

Of course, rather

high ground for the bed, or beds, should be selected, and a trench dug around

tlie bed deeper than the bottom of the celery trenches, so made as to be sure to

—

;

If this plan is followed strictly, all others may be abandoned, as the celery will keep not only till spring, but as long in spring as may

be desired, if it is not all eaten beforehand."

carry off all the water.

PLY POISON. — Arsenate of potassa, 1 oz.

ozs.

;

red lead, J^ oz,

Mix well together, bottle and cork for use. and label Fouton.

;

sugar, 5

MISCELLANEOUS.

Directions

6a*

— Put a suitable quantity on plates, moisten with water and

It is very destructive because very poisonous,

place where they are thickest.

yet so pleasant to the taste of the fly, they " go for it " quickly.

FLY STICKUMFAST— Not Poisonous.— Melt rosin, 6 ozs., in a

tin cup, then put in lard, 1 rounding table-spoonful, as a woman takes it up for

shortening, or about 2 ozs., which should make it like very thick molasses when

Spread upon rather stiff paper with a little flat piece of wood or a knife,

cold.

and place about the shelves, rooms, etc.

If a knife is used to spread

it,

heat

the knife over the fire when it will all wipe off with a piece of newspaper or

cloth.

It will hold all that light upon it, and the more that light the more will

Place

It holds them fast.

come, thinking something good has been found.

a paper over the cup to keep flies out when it is set away.

LEGITIMATE BUSINESS — To be Stuck to if You Would

Avoid. Failure.

— There so very many failures, I desire to say a word,

possible, to those who mean to do the right thing, to enable them to be successful, hence with some modification

by myself on some points, I give the follow-

ing sensible article of some writer, I know not who, but I do well know if business

men will be guided by it, i. e., stick to their legitimate business, keeping all

their capital in it, necessary to carry it on, there will not be one failure where

there is now a score.

"Well-directed energy and enterprise are the life of American progress;

but if there is one lesson taught more plainly than others by the great failures

of late, it is that safety lies in a legitimate business. No manufacturer, trader,

or banker has any right to be so energetic and enterprising as to take

from his legitimate business the capital which it requires to meet any emergency

which may arise.

"Apologies are sometimes made for firms, or persons, who have failed, by

referring to the important experiments they have aided, and the unnumbered

"We are told

fields of enterprise where they have freely scattered their money.

that individual losses, sustained by those failures, will be as nothing compared

with the benefits conferred on the community by their liberality in contributing

to every public work.

There is little force in such reasoning. A man's relations to a creditor are vastly different from his relations to what is called the

pubUc. The demands of the one are definite, the claims of the other are just

what the ambition and legitimate means of the man may make them.

" The histories of honorable, successful business men unite to exalt the importance of sticking to one legitimate business, and it is most instructive to see

that, in the gi-eater portion of the failures, the real cause of disaster was the

branching out beyond his legitimate business, in the taking hold of this and

that tempting offer, and, for the sake of some hoped-for gain, venturing where

they did not know the ground, and could not know the pit-fall until in it."

Wages—Table Showing the Rate, from $2 to $25 a Week, 10

Hours Per Day, Also Rate Per Day and Hour.— This table is so carefully worked out a mere glance shows the desired amount

602

Per

DB. CEASE'S RECIPES.

MISCELLANEOUS.

603

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