man say:

"Paregoric is the best cough medicine I ever used," which showec? his opinion,

The combination

at least, of the value of one of the articles in this syrup.

icine,

will be found indeed valuable.

1.

WHOOPING- COUGH—Remedy for.— A paper recently read

before the New York Academy of Science, by Dr. H. A. Mott, holds that much

of the mortality among children

from whooping cough is attributable to the

prevalent faulty belief that it will be much worse for the child if the disease is

broken up. He says: The disease is now known to be caused by a fungoid

growth (in plants, growing quickly like mushrooms, coming up in a night; but

in animal bodies being slower in growth and being much of the character of

proud flesh, but below he calls them spores, which indicates them to be more

of the nature of an animal parasite), which begins under the tongue, and

spreads backward to the throat and lungs, the spores requiring from 9 to 15

days to develop. When the fungus enters the bronchial tubes, most alarming

complications arise.

It is, then, best to kill the fungus in its earliest stage;

there would then seldom be any trouble from bronchitis, cholera infantum, or

cerebral (head) difficulties.

Quinine, just after a coughing spell, and before

retiring for the night, is the best remedy.

Remarks. I have had no opportunity to try this remedy, yet I do not

doubt its value, for some physicians claim that even chills and fever are developed bj spores. Then as quinine does cure ague may it not be by killing the

spores? most likely.

Then, by all means try the quinine immediately after it

is known that a child, or anyone, has beei: exposed; and if it does not entirely

—

—

DR. CHASE'S RECIPES.

126

abate it, I believe it will give it a mildness not otherwise attained. Probably as

good a way, or the best way, to take the quinine for this purpose, is to dissolve

it in one of

the following ways:

—

Quinine, to Dissolve, or Solution of Quinine.

Put 20 grs. of sulphate

of quinine into a 2 oz. vial, and add 1 dr. of aromatic sulphuric acid, then fill

1.

the vial with water.

spoonful of water.

its age,

—

Dose For an adult, 20 drops once an hour, in a tableThe proper dose for a child will be 1 drop to each year of

in 1 tea-spoonful, only, of the water, or if

it is

a nursing child, ir the

And, in all cases, (if the spore theory is correct, which I have

no reason to doubt) the longer the quinine solution is held in the mouth, the

mother's milk.

more certain it will be to kill them.

Rub 20 grs. each of quinine and tartaric acid together, put into the

II.

same sized vial and fill with water, as in the first case. Dose and manner of

using, the same.

The following are a few of the more common remedies for this disease;

the chestnut leaves, however, I believe are not, as yet, very common

but I can

;

not see why they may not be as efiicient as claimed to be.

—

Somebody's friend

2. Whooping Cough, Eflicient Remedy for.

gave a correspondent of one of the Detroit papers the following as a certain cure for whooping cough, by simply "boiling chestnut leaves and sweetening with brown sugar, " adding

AVhooping cough generally remains eighteen

weeks, while by the use of this tea it can be cured in a few days."

Remarks. I should gather the leaves before the nuts fall off.

'

:

'

—

3.

Whooping Cough Tincture.— Tinct. of blood root, 1 oz. syrup of

;

garlic, 1 oz. ; solid ex. of belladonna, 3 grs.

solved.

Dose.

—Ten

to 20 drops,

Mix, and be sure the extract is dis-

according to age of the child, 3 times daily

i?6marAs. — This is the favorite prescription of Dr. T. B. King, of this city

—

an old English physician who practiced in the army of India a

number of years, and then in the United States, with very great success. This

Toledo, O.,

is his

dependence in bad cases.

4.

Whooping Cough Syrup. — Make a syrup of prickly-pear {Opuntia

vulgaris, a species of cactus,) and drink freely

Take about three moderate

sized leaves of the prickly pear to a quart of cold water, cut up in pieces

boil slowly about half an hour, strain out all the prickles through close

and

muslin

A safe and sure cure,

and so pleasant to the taste that infants will take it with a relish. It is also

good for a cold that settles in the throat or lungs. This species of cactus grows

in rocky and sandy places, and is grown in gardens.

Remarks. There is nothing said by this writer as to a dose, but I should say

from a tea-spoonful to a table-spoonful for a child, as needed, according to age.

or linen, sweeten with white sugar and boil, a little longer,

—

An adult 1 to 2 table-spoonfuls.

Whooping Cough, Help for.— I.

Cut in small pieces a large red

nutmeg,

cover with good whiskey, shake weh, and it is ready for use; weaken, sweeten

and give according to age, three or four times a day.

5.

onion, put

it

in a bottle with a piece of asafoetida half the size of a

1-Bavberry or

Wax Myrtle.

2-Cratiesbill,

or Doves Foot.

3-Pipsissewa, or

S-Ginseng. 6-Boneset, or

4-Mandrake, or May-Apple.

9-Poke, oi

Root, or Dog's Bane.

Thoroughwort. 7-Henbane. 8 Bitter

Princes

Pine.

Pigeon-Berry.

IREATMENT OF DISEASES.

127

Also mix Radway's Relief with a little sweet-oil, bathe tlie chest,

II.

stomach, sides, and along the back-bone before going to bed, and take a drop or

two inwardly, in a little syrup or honey.

Remarks. This will be found valuable, but it would be better to allow it

to stand 3 or 4 days before using.

—

CHOLERA—

Drops and Powder for, also Valuable for

1.

Colic, Diarrhea, etc. Alcohol, }^ pt. gum myrrh, 1 oz. gum guaiac, }4,

oz.

gum camphor, capsicum, and opium, each, 1 dr Directions. Mix,

and keep in a well -stoppered bottle, shaking often for 10 or 12 days, when it

will be ready for use.

Dose. A tea-spoonful in well sweetened water; or,

what is better, use sugar alone, just enough to absorb all the drops, and not use

any water.

Fo7- the Poicder.

II.

By omitting the alcohol in the above, and pulverizing each article, the medicine can be used as a powder, 10 grs. being a dose; or

—

;

;

;

—

—

—

the same may be made into pills of 4 grs., 3 pills for a dose.

—

Dr A. B. Mason, of Toledo, O., of whom I obtained this

The above has twice saved my life when attacked by cholera. I

have never known it to fail in giving almost immediate relief in all cases of

colic, diarrhea, dysentery, cholera-morbus and cholera.

In the summer of '77

I cured a lady of the regular dysentery, who had been doctored for four weeks

by one of the best doctors in a city of 20,000 inhabitants, and then lived along

for four weeks more without a doctor, every one saying she could not live long.

The night I gave her this medicine was the first good night's rest she had had

Remarks.

recipe, says:

for weeks.

In two days all discharges were stopped, and I gave asmall dose of

podophyllin, and in eight days she was well, and was soon in better health than

In this case I used the medicine in the form of a powder.

In severe cases, he says, repeat the dose often, and even give two times the

above dose. If vomited up as soon as taken, repeat the dose. The utmost

confidence may be put in this treatment.

for years before.

2.

Cholera, Infallible Cure for.— Gen. Jordan, of the Mining

Record, makes the following statement in relation to the infallible cure of cholera by the use of chloroform only.

It is somewhat strange that such facts as

here stated should not become generally known quicker than they do; still I

can not doubt their being facts, and as I know that a dozen drops

of chloroform, in a little water, will at once correct a gaseous condition of a

dyspeptic stomach (which see), why should it not correct a much more disturbed

condition, by using larger quantities?

I

"double quick" if occasion called for it.

would

certainly

"go for it," on the

He says:

" A 3^ tea-spoonful of chloroform in about eight times as much water is an

A doctor who had lived in Mobile, Ala., and had

great success in curing people during a cholera epidemic there, told me about

it.

When, in the Cuban revolution, I went to Cuba to help organize the insurgent army, 1 had a chance to try the remedy, for a cholera epidemic broke out

among the troops. My first experiment was on a negro who was in the last

stages.

It cured him and hundreds after him.

When we marched, the officers

carried bottles of chloroform, and if a man fell out, sick with cholera, the

remedy was given and he was able to resume his place. 1 have seen men lying

infallible cure for cholera.

m

DR. CHASE'S RECIPES.

by the roadside in a state of collapse, almost dead. An officer would ride up,

dismount and give the remedy, and before the column had passed the man

would be in the ranks again."

—

3. Chronic Diarrhea, Muscovite, or Raw Beef Cure for.

About the year 1853 Dr. Weisse, director of the Hospital for Foundlings at St.

Petersburg, Russia, called the attention of the medical world to the use of raw

His method, to which was applied

beef in the treatment of chronic diarrhea.

the title of the "Muscovite method," was adopted in England, Germany, Italy

and France. In the last named country Drs. Trousseau and Bouchut were the

first to test it, and reported it to have good results in cases of children severely

afflicted.

A little later, Dr. Labadie, of Bordeaux, communicated to the profession some facts in regard to three children afflicted with tubercles, whom he

had treated and cured by the Russian "Muscovite" method. We give

below Dr. Trousseau's formula for preparing the meat: Take 100 grammes (1

gramme is about 1^% grs., and 100 are equal to about 3J^ ozs.) of fillet of

beef, from which the gristle and fat should be carefully removed; mince it fine

and bray (pound) it in a wooden mortar; 20 grammes (^ oz.) of powdered

sugar, 1^ grammes of chloride of sodium (common salt, 23 grs.,); %

gramme chloride of potassium {1% grs.); 1}/^ grammes (23 grs.) powdered black

pepper. Take by the table-spoonful during the day.

Remarks. As but few would understand these French technicalities, I have

put their " grammes " into grains, to be easily understood. I have used the

—

above with satisfaction in consumption, although there is no doubt that Dr.

Labadie, by "tubercles," refers to a tuberculous deposit in the mesenteric glands of the bowels, as children are frequently troubled with them, and

they art, very wasting in their effect upon their tender constitution. It is

undoubtedly a valuable diet in either of these exhaustive diseases, whether of

children or adults, and may be used in any disease of a debilitating character,

where some physicians have recently adopted the plan of giving what they call

"powdered beef," that is grated, or pounded fine, then dried. I should prefer

It will prove exceedingly valuable hi conthis " Muscovite " plan of using it.

sumption.

4.

Chronic Diarrhea, a Well Tried Remedy. — Powdered opium

—

mix thoroughly and divide into 20 powders. Dose

Take 1 powder in a little syrup every 4 hours, till improved, then 1 or 2 pow-

and tannin, each 10 grs.

;

ders daily, as occasion requires, until the cure is complete.

Remarks.

—

It is not best to check too suddenly, lest

ance of the system arise.

fever or other disturb-

Watch carefully, with this, and it will generally be

found effectual.

1.

PAIN KILLER, INTERNAL— For Cholera, Diarrhea,

— Oil of cloves, cinnamon, anise and peppermint, each 45 drops; laudanum

Dose — A tea-spoonful in 2 table-spoonand ether, each

alcohol, 3 ozs.

etc.

1

oz. ;

fuls of sweetened water, and for

an adult it may be repeated in from 5 min-

utes to 3^ an hour, or 1 hour, according to the severity of the pain, or the fre-

quency of the discharge. Children proportionately less, according to age. A

teaspoon is considered to hold 60 drops; then at 14 years, 3^; at 7 years, ^; a6

TREATMENT OF DISEASES.

129

4 years, 1-5; at 3 years, 1-6; at 2 years, %; decreasing in like proportion for

infants; at 21 years the full dose is to be given, up to 60 years, then diminish,

in like proportion on each 5 to 10 years.

Remarks.

— This prescription

from " Old " Dr. T. B. King, who used it in

is

India with great success, curing internal aches and pains, diarrhea and bloody

dysentery as well as cholera. I would now suggest the addition of half as

much chloroform as ether, and also one-fourth as much tincture of cayenne.

In the "Old" Doctor's day in India chloroform was not as much in use as

since then, and the cayenne has, of late years, also been found a very valuable

aid in curing internal pains, as well as the free discharges from the bowels.

is one of

It

And with these additions it would

our best and purest stimulants.

be a valuable embj-ocation, or liniment, to use externally on the stomach and

bowels in these painful diseases.

Pain Killer, Truly Magical, for All Purpose and Places of

2.

Pain.

—Morphine, 10

chloroform, 1 oz.

;

hydrate and camphor gum, each, 3^ oz.

oils of cloves and cinnamon, each,

grs. ; chloral

nitrite of

amyl, 2 drs.

;

—

Dikections

Dissolve the

morphine in a little of the alcohol; rub the chloral hydrate and the camphor gum together, which forms a liquid, and add the dissolved morphine and

the others, the nitrite of amyl to be the last, as it is very evaporative; then

add 3 or 4 drops of strong sulphuric acid, which keeps the morphine in soluDose It may be taken on sugar in doses of 5 to 20 drops, and repeated

tion.

in 30 minutes to an hour, according to the severity of any internal pain.

For

headache inhale from the bottle, from nostril to nostril, and apply also over the

J^ oz.

;

alcohol

(best),

to

fill

a 4 oz.

bottle.

—

pain.

Remarks.

—This will stop any kind of pain almost immediately, and does

seem, at least, to be magical by

its quick action upon the nerves, relieving

have applied it upon the eyeball (not in the eye, but with the

eye closed) holding the finger wet with it for a minute or two, which causes a

counter, or external, irritation, and would soon cause a blister, which proves

its value as well as its strength and adaptation to the relief of pain in all situations.

I cannot speak of it too highly, for slight pains or neuralgia of the

pain at once.

eye.

I

I shall use it upon painful teeth, neuralgic, and, in fact, in all pains any-

The

made in

small quantities. It would still be valuable as a liniment if an equal amount

of alcohol was added, which would make it cheaper, but to retain its magical

where, internally and externally

It will

be hard, very hard, to excel.

only objection against it, is its cost (about 25 cents an ounce), when

power it must be kept full strength.

3. Pain Killer, or Rubefacient, in Place of Mustard Plaster,

Immediate in its Action. — When there is internal pain, as in pleurisy,

inflammation of the lungs, etc., wherein it would be thought advisable to put

on a mustard plaster, for quick relief take the following: Chloroform, spirits

of camphor and sweet

—

oil, equal parts, say 1 oz. each.

Mix. Directions

Fold a piece of muslin 3 or 4 thicknesses, shake the bottle and wet the cloth

thoroughly with the mixture and apply, covering with a folded towel to pre-

9

;

DR. CHASE'S RECIPES.

I3D'

Dr. T. B. King, of this city (Toledo), claims it will remove

ordinary or rheumatic pain in one minute, and that it will blister in three minvent evaporation.

So be careful when you do not desire to blister.

any other part, follow it up in the same manner.

utes.

If the pain

moves to

BLEEDING—A Styptic Which Will Stop Bleeding of the

Largest Vessels.

—Brandy, or common whisky, 2 ozs. castile soap, 2

Directions— Scrape the soap fine and dissolve

drs.

;

carbonate of potash, 1 dr.

in the spirits; then add the potash; mix well and keep corked.

it

Warm it and wet

it and apply to the wound.

It immediately congeals the

blood and coagulates it some distance within the vessel. It may need repeating

pledgets of lint in

for deep wounds and when limbs are cut off.

Remarks.

— I am sorry I cannot give the name of the writer, or the papal

in which this was published, having had it in

my scrap-book for some time;

but I am satisfied that it is reliable.

ST. VITUS' DANCE, or Shaking Palsy, Cure for.—Tincture of

bromide of potassium, IJ^ ozs. mix. Dose For an adult,

black cohosh, 6 ozs.

;

;

1 tea-spoonful 3 times daily,

—

an hour after meals.

—

Remarks. W. W. Stimson, M. D., of Connersville, Miss., reports in the

Medical Brief, the cure of a young lady of 15 years, who had had this annoying

trouble so bad that she would not go into company for over a year, her speech

even being affected. Two weeks cured this cas& But in older persons and of

longer standing it may require months. There is no danger in its use; but after

taking the above amount I would wait a week before beginning on a new prescription of same amount.

Look after general health in all cases. Younger

persons will take less according to age.

FELON—

—

1.

Bemedy for. A small piece of calf's rennet soaked in

milk and tied around the finger, renewing occasionally, will cure any case of

felon.

—

Remarks. I do no^know who tried this, to make the assertion, nor have I

had a chance to test it; yet I have no doubt of its value. But as the rennet

cnay not always be at hand, I will give the following, the ingredients of which

may always be obtained:

2.

Felon Salve— Successful Treatment. —A salve made of soap and

Bpirits of turpentine,

a very small proportion of the latter, just enough to

moisten the soap, which has been shaved from a bar. " I have known it," says^

"H. S. P.," of Byron, Wis., to one of the papers, "to cure the worst felons,

and I never knew it to fail when applied." To which the editor added: " The/

above is a well-known remedy in the editor's family, and has always been con

sidered infallible, if applied in the earlier stages."

Felon— Warranted Cure for.— F. F. Lewis, of Whitewater, Wis.,

"Wind a cloth loosely about the finger, leaving the end free. Pour in

common gunpowder till the afflicted part is entirely covered; then keep the

3.

says:

whole constantly wet with strong spirits of camphor. Warranted to remove

all pain in two hours.

Have seen it tried many times, and never without absolute cure and without pain or injury to the hand."

TREATMENT OF DISEASES.

1.

131

HYDROPHOBIA; or, Mad Dog Bites—Hot Vapor Baths

—The following item comes from G. F.

J. Colburn, of Washington, D. C,

For God's sake, give the remedy a trial, should a case present itself.

The report was first published in the Salui Public, of Lyons, France, as follows:

" Dr. Buifson claims to have discovered a remedy for this terrible disease.

for.

who says:

'

'

In attending a female patient in the last stages of canine madness, the doctor

imprudently wiped his hand with a handkerchief impregnated with her saliva.

There happened to be a slight abrasion on the index finger of the left hand; but,

confident of his own curative system, the doctor merely washed the parts with

water.

He was fully aware of the imprudence he had committed, and says:

'

Believing that the malady would not declare itself until the fortieth day, and

having various patients to visit, I put off from day to day the application of my

remedy that is to say, vapor baths. The ninth day, being in my cabinet, I

My body felt so light that I felt as if I could

felt all at once a pain in my eyes.

jump a prodigious height, or, if thrown out of a window, I could sustain myself

in the air.

My hair was so sensitive that I appeared to be able to count it sepSaliva kept constantly forming in my mouth.

arately without looking at it.

Any movement in the air caused great pain to me and I was obliged to avoid

not

the sight of brilliant objects.

I had a continued desire to run and bite

human beings, but animals, and all that was near me. I drank with difficulty,

and I remarked that the sight of water distressed me more than the pain in ray

throat.

I believe that by shutting the eyes, any one suffering from hydrophobia can always drink. The fits come on every five minutes, and I then felt

In

the pain start from the index finger and run up the nerves to the shoulder.

this state, thinking that my course was preservative, not curative, I took a vapor

When the

bath, not with the intention of cure, but of suffocating myself.

bath was at 52 centigrade (93 3-5 Fahrenheit), all the symptoms disappeared as

if by magic, and since then I have never felt anything more of them.

I have

attended more than 80 persons bitten by mad animals, and I have not lost a

single one.

Wlien a person is bitten by a mad dog he must for 7 successive

days take a vapor bath, a la Russe, of 57 to 63 degrees. This is the preventive

remedy. A vapor bath may be quickly made by putting 2 or three red-hot

bricks in a bucket for 15 or 20 minutes.

The person to be covered with a

blanket.

When the disease is declared, it only requires one vapor bath, rapidly

increasing to 37 centigrade, then slowly to 53, and the patient must strictly con-

—

—

fine himself to his chamber until the cure is complete."

2. Hydrophobia, Portuguese Physician's Cure.— A Portuguese

phy^cian claims to have cured several cases of hydrophobia by simply rubbing

garlic into the wound, and giving the patient a decoction of garlic to drink for

several days.

This is the old Greek treatment, which, it is claimed, was practiced by them with success.

Medical Brief.

1.

SUN-STROKE AND APOPLEXY, How to Cure.— Sun-

stroke and apoplexy, can be cured almost surely if taken in any kind of time.

Dr. E. B. Babbitt says:

" Rub powerfully on the back of the head and neck, making horizontal

I.

and downward movements. This draws the blood away from the front of the

brain and vitalizes the involuntary nerves.

" While rubbing call for cold water immediately, which apply to the

II.

face and to the hair on the top and the side of the head.

" Call for a bucket of water as hot as can be borne, and pour it by dip

III.

The effect will

perfuls on the back of the head and neck for several minutes.

be wonderful, for vitalizing the medulla oblongata (that part of the spinal column

:

DR. CHASE'S RECIPES.

133

•within the head);

it

vitalizes the whole

body, and the patient will generaUy

time.

start up into full conscious life in a very short

" Last summer I was called in to see a man on Fourth avenue. I found

him in a state of coma, and his wife greatly alarmed, supposing him to be

him brought out where

dead. He had lain ,thus for about 3 hours. I had

his back, head and neck

rubbed

clothes,

his

off

jerked

air]

the

get

could

he

for iced water,

powerfully, slapped his back, legs and feet briskly, and called

which I applied to his front and upper head. I then had a bucket of hot water

doing this I had

brought, which I poured on his back, head and neck. Before

of life while applying the cold water in front, but after

on the back of the head and neck a few minutes, he

water

applying the hot

!"

I occupied about 20 minutes in

started up, vomited, and exclaimed 'All right

with a little help, and did

clothes

his

on

put

up,

rose

He

him.

resuscitating

thus

active brains and

not lose an hour more from his business. Persons of large and

weak bodies are more liable to sun-stroke and should wear light-colored, cool

feel a brain pressure

hats in summer, wet the hair occasionally, and if they

coming on, should rub briskly on the back of the neck and put cold water on

These remarks, if heeded, will prevent great

top and front of the head.

noticed

some signs

'

the

danger and great suffering.

I have never known this method to fail."

ifemarJks.— Heretofore it has been customary to use only cold water upon

the head in sun-stroke or apoplexy, but it seems by the above treatment of Dr.

Babbitt, with the hot water upon the back of the head and neck, that consciousness is restored much more quickly, as well as more certainly, for without it, on

the old plan of the cold water only, many have never been restored at all; hence

the hot water should be provided as quickly as possible, and applied freely with

a dipper, while the cold water, by wet cloths, may be kept on the front and top

Small things, when you get the right thing, are often "wonderof the head.

The colder the water on the front and top of

ful," as the doctor puts it above.

the head, the better, and the hotter it can be borne on the back of the liead and

neck, the better, also. It would seem to me preferable, to dip cloths into the

hot water and apply as hot as they can be borne, re-wetting often, than to pour

For those who have a tendency to head troubles let them dampen a

it.

flat piece of sponge and put it in the hat before going out into a very hot sun.

It may be well to know that what is good for sun-stroke is also good for apoplexy.

When one is stricken down in the sun, he should be placed in the shade as

quick as possible, and cold water applied to his face, and the limbs kept warm

by rubbing, etc., until he can be removed to the house, where the above plan

can be carried out fully.

1. MOLES, FRECKLES, PIMPLES, ETC. — To Remove.—

W. H. Riddle, of Crystal Lake, Cal., says to "Mary," of Zenia, Ind., through

the Blade Household

" Do not use nitric acid on your face. I would advise you to use the acid

mercury, in removing moles from the face. The acid should be

applied with a splinter of wood, and gentlj^ rubbed in the part (with the splinter)

Great care

for several seconds, according to the thickness of the growth.

should be taken to prevent the acid from reaching the surrounding skin. There

is absolutely no pain attending the application, ajid the growth gradually shriv-

nitrate of

TREA TMENT OF DI8EA SE8.

133

I know a lady who had a

els away, and the slough falls off in about a week.

very large mole removed in this way from the chin, leaving scarcely any de

It is now some live years since the operation was per

pression in the skin.

formed, with no return of the growth."

Remarks. It will be safe to use it for this purpose.

—

Have it labeled, and

keep it out of the way of children.

After writing the above, having a mole on one of my wrists, I tried it, and

removed it successfully. At the first application it only took off about half the

thickness of the mole; I then applied it again, using the end of a match-splint;

I put on so much and rubbed it in so thoroughly that it killed the mole entirely,

making a deep sore, although no larger than the mcJle; but putting on a liniment, followed with a little vaseline, 5 or 6 times daily, removed all soreness

and healed it up in a few days, leaving the skin perfectly smooth and soft. I

have since cured 3 or 4 others with the same, 2 of which were cancerous (open

sore), and consequently,

know the value of the acid nitrate of mercury for such

cases.

2.

Pimples or Skin Diseases, Valuable Remedy for. — Glyc-

erine (English or Price's), 100 grs.

;

corrosive sublimate, 5 grs.

—

Directions

Eub the corrosive sublimate in a little of the glycerine; then mix aU, and apply

morning and evening.

Remarks. M. Pierre Vigier, a French professor, finds, from experiments

upon himself and upon his pupils, that substances incorporated with glycerine

are not absorbed by the skin, therefore he advises this as a substitute for blue

ointment, which stains the linen and is absorbed, while with a glycerine pre-