INDEX

Hairy cell leukemia, 856 I-95

clinical features of, 856, 2810, 2877

immunophenotype of, 856, 856t

infections in, 556t, 558t

monocytopenia in, 448

splenomegaly in, 463

treatment of, 463, 856

tumor markers in, 487t

Hakki formula, aortic valve area measurement, 1862

Half-life

of circulating hormone, 2886

drugs, 468f

of drugs, 467, 1150

Half-normal saline, 341. See also Saline

Halide exposure, 2171t

Halitosis, 262

Hallervorden-Spatz disease. See Pantothenate

kinase–associated neurodegeneration

(PANK)

Hallucinations

chemosensory, 236

in dementia with Lewy bodies, 3385

hypnagogic, 209, 210

hypnopompic, 209

in PD, 3398

in respiratory acidosis, 366

Hallucinogens, 3576–3577

Hallucinosis, peduncular, 3328f, 3329

Halocarbons, 1002t

Halofantrine

actions of, 1709

adverse effects of, 1702t, 1732t

drug interactions of, 1702t, 1705t, 1710

for malaria, 1732t

pharmacology of, 1709, 1732t

in pregnancy and lactation, 1702t

Haloperidol

adverse effects of, 3555t

for delirium, 83, 83t, 2273

for nausea and vomiting, 80, 294, 294t, 555

overdosage/poisoning with, 3591t

for schizophrenia, 3555, 3555t

Halo sign, 1680

Halzoun, 3611

HAM (HTLV-1-associated myelopathy),

1525–1526, 3453

Hamartin, 674t, 708, 2354

Hamartoma

colonic, 158t, 637

hypothalamic, 2907, A16

iris, 2991

pulmonary, 602

small intestinal, 636

Hamman-Rich syndrome (acute interstitial

pneumonia), 2195

Hamman’s sign, 2201

Hampton’s hump, 106, 2096

HAND (HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders),

1554–1555, 1576, 1577f, 1577t

Hand(s)

cryoglobulinemia in, A14

eczema of, 372f, 376, 376f

frostbite of, A5

injury, bite-wounds, 1125. See also Bite-wounds

osteoarthritis of, 2855, 2855f

pain in, 2849–2850, 2849f

Hand-foot-and-mouth disease

epidemiology of, 1604–1605

global considerations in, 1604–1605

oral manifestations of, 258t, 1507, 1604, 1605f,

A1, A5

skin manifestations of, 136t, 142, 1035, 1604, 1605f

Hand-foot syndrome, 552, 742, 758, 2872

Hand hygiene, 1129, 1132, 1513

Handoffs, 3

Hand-Schüller-Christian disease, 2907

Hansen’s disease. See Leprosy

Hantaan virus, 1628t, 1642

Hantaviruses, 1628–1629t, 1630

Hantavirus infections

clinical features of, 1514

epidemiology of, 978, 980, 1008f, 1514l,

1640–1641

hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, 978,

1642–1643

pulmonary syndrome, 980, 1514, 1640–1641

HAPE. See High-altitude pulmonary edema

(HAPE)

Haplogroup, 3671

Haploid, 3639

Haploinsufficiency, 3648

Haplotype(s), 3641, 3643f, 3649

Haplotype block, 3643f

HapMap project, 3639, 3640t, 3657

Haptocorrins, 766

Hard (ixodid) tick, 3609. See also Tick(s)

Hartmann’s procedure, 2500, 2500f

Hartnup disease/syndrome, 2527, 3275t, 3276,

3276

Harvester ants, 3614

Hashimoto’s encephalopathy, 2935, 3421, A16

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (autoimmune

hypothyroidism)

after drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome,

413

classification of, 2933t

clinical features of, 387, 2934t, 2935, 2935f, 2944,

2946

differential diagnosis of, 2936

diseases associated with, 2935

inflammasome mutations in, 2677t

laboratory evaluation of, 2935–2936

pathogenesis of, 2696t, 2735–2736, 2933–2935

prevalence of, 2933, 2933t

thyroid lymphoma in, 2952–2953

treatment of, 2936–2937

Hastisetae, 3615

HAV (hepatitis A virus), 2562, 2563f, 2564t. See

also Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection

Haverhill fever (rat-bite fever), 136t, 1125

Haversian systems, 3157, 3159

HAV infections. See Hepatitis A virus (HAV)

infection

Hawkinsinuria, 3269t

Haw River syndrome, 3425

HAX-1 gene mutations, 444, S8

Hayflick limit/phenomenon, 3680, 3734

Hb. See Hemoglobin (Hb)

HBAT (heptavalent botulinum antitoxin), S3

HBcAg (hepatitis B core antigen), 2563, 2564t

HBeAg (hepatitis B e antigen), 2563, 2564t

HBIG (hepatitis B immunoglobulin), 1127,

2581–2582

HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen), 2563, 2564t

HBV. See Hepatitis B virus (HBV)

HBV infection. See Hepatitis B virus (HBV)

infection

HBxAG (hepatitis B x antigen), 2564, 2564f

HBZ, 1523

HCC. See Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

hCG. See Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

HCOM. See Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

HCP. See Hereditary coproporphyria (HCP)

HCP5 gene, 1551t, 1553f, 1554

HCT. See Hematopoietic cell transplantation

(HCT)

HCV (hepatitis C virus), 2563f, 2564t, 2567–2568,

2567f. See also Hepatitis C virus (HCV)

infection

HDAC. See Histone deacetylase (HDAC)

HDL-C. See High-density lipoprotein cholesterol

(HDL-C)

HDR (hypoparathyroidism, deafness, and renal

dysplasia) syndrome, 3186

HDV (hepatitis D virus), 2563f, 2564t, 2566–2567.

See also Hepatitis D virus (HDV)

infection

Headache, 112, 3357

in acute mountain sickness, 3618

acute, new-onset, 113, 113t, 3354

after traumatic brain injury, 3459

anatomy and physiology of, 112–113

with autonomic symptoms, 113

in brain abscess, 1118

in brain tumor, 113, 113t, 701

chronic daily, 114, 114t, 3364

classification of, 3358t

cluster, 113t, 3360f, 3366, 3366t, 3367t

cold-stimulus, 3369

depression and, 113

external pressure, 3369

in giant cell arteritis, 113–114, 2812

in glaucoma, 114

hemicrania continua, 114t, 3368

in hyperperfusion disorders, 2274

hypnic, 3369

medication-overuse, 114

in meningitis, 113

migraine. See Migraine

new daily persistent, 114

clinical features of, 115, 3369

differential diagnosis of, 115t

low CSF volume headache, 115, 115f

posttraumatic, 113t, 116

raised CSF pressure headache, 116

treatment of, 116, 3369

nummular, 3369

in papilledema, 224

paroxysmal hemicrania, 113, 114t, 3366t, 3367

post–lumbar puncture, S9

in pregnancy, 3763

primary, 112, 112t, 113, 3358t

primary care management of, 116

primary cough, 3368

primary exercise, 3368

primary sex, 3368

primary stabbing, 3369

primary thunderclap, 3368–3369

in respiratory acidosis, 366

secondary, 112, 112t, 113–114

in SLE, 2741

in subarachnoid hemorrhage, 113, 113t, 3354

SUNCT/SUNA, 114t, 3366t, 3367

as symptom of serious underlying disorder, 113t

tension-type, 113t, 3358t, 3365

Head and neck abscesses, 254–255

Head and neck cancer, 590

carcinoma of unknown primary and, 720

clinical features of, 590–591

diagnosis of, 590–591, 591f

epidemiology of, 590

etiology of, 590

genetic considerations in, 590

global considerations in, 590

histopathology of, 590

incidence of, 590

INDEX

I-96 Head and neck cancer (Cont.):

infections in, 556t

lymphadenopathy in, 458

paraneoplastic syndromes in, 722t

premalignant lesions, 590

second malignancies in survivors of, 590

staging of, 591, 592f

treatment of, 591–594

Head impulse test, 159–160

Head injury. See Traumatic brain injury (TBI)

Head lice (Pediculus capitis), 3610–3611

Head tilt test, 192

Head-up tilt test, 3432, 3432t

Health care–associated infections, 1128

A. baumannii, 1275–1276, 1278, 1278f

antibiotic-resistant, 1134–1135, 1134t

in cancer patient, 564

central venous catheter-related. See Catheterrelated bloodstream infections

in critically ill patient, 2223

diarrhea, 1063

endocarditis, 1025

enterococcal, 1199

epidemic and emerging, 1132–1133

C. difficile–associated diarrhea, 1066–1067,

1133. See also Clostridioides difficile–

associated disease (CDI)

fungal infections, 1134

group A streptococcal infections, 1134

legionellosis, 1134

mycobacterial infections, 1133–1134

varicella, 1133

viral pathogens, 1133

viral respiratory infections, 1133

epidemiology of, 1128–1129, 1130f

genomic analysis in, 969

HIV, 1534–1535

Klebsiella spp., 1270

measles, 1608–1609

pneumonia, 1009, 1130–1131, 1182. See also

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)

prevention of, 53, 564, 1128–1129, 1130f, 1132,

1188, 2223

S. aureus, 1178, 1188

sinusitis, 251

surgical-site. See Surgical-site infections

surveillance, 1128, 1129f

urinary tract, 1129–1130, 1131t

Health care costs

as global health issue, 3704

of terminally ill patient, 84

Health care disparities. See Racial/ethnic disparities

in health care

Health care proxy, 77

Health care quality, 52

data about current state of, 52–53

diagnosis in, 28

factors relating to, 52

national state of measurement of, 53

pay-for-performance and, 54

public reporting of, 53–54

quality theory, 52

racial/ethnic disparities and, 59. See also Racial/

ethnic disparities in health care

strategies for improving, 53

Health care safety. See Adverse events

Health care workers

brain drain, 3709

employee health service issues and, 1135

errors of, 51

global burden of disease and, 3721, 3721f

hand hygiene practices of, 1129, 1132

health risks of, 70, 1534–1535, 1594–1595

immunizations in, 1135

on medical missions, 1000t

minority, 66

shift-work disorder in, 214

vaccination of, 988

Health insurance, 999–1000, 3779, 3781–3782

Health promotion, 9

Health system financing and delivery

in developed countries, 42

future challenges to, 48–49

governance and regulation of, 48

hospital services, 44–45

long-term care, 46–47

pharmaceuticals, 47–48

primary care services, 45

social insurance–funded systems, 43–44

specialist care, 45–46

tax-funded systems, 42–43

total health expenditures, 42, 43t

United States, 44

in developing countries, 49–50, 49t, 50t. See also

Low- and middle-income countries

Health systems reform, 3719, 3722–3723, 3723f

Healthy volunteer effect, 494

Hearing, 238, 239f

Hearing aids, 241, 246

Hearing loss, 238

age-related, 240–241, 241f

approach to the patient, 240f, 242, 244t

audiologic assessment of, 242, 244–245

from barotrauma, 3629

conductive, 239–240

drug-induced, 241

evoked responses in, 245

genetic causes of, 242, 243–244t, 3275t, 3670,

3674, 3674t

imaging studies in, 245

mixed, 241

in mumps, 1617

noise-induced, 240–241, 245, 247t

in osteogenesis imperfecta, 3223

in otitis media, 250

physical examination in, 242

prevention of, 247, 247t

sensorineural, 240–241, 3674t

sudden, 242, 3626t

treatment of, 245–247, 246f

in Turner syndrome, 3001

vertigo with, 160

Heart

control of performance and output of,

1806–1808, 1807f, 1808t

diastolic function of, 1809, 1809f

embryogenesis of, 1799–1800, 1800f

functional assessment of, 1808–1810, 1809f

metabolism in, 1809–1810

normal blood flow in, 2009f

physical examination of, 1819. See also Cardiac

auscultation; Heart murmurs; Heart

sounds

regenerative potential of, 1810

Heart block. See Atrioventricular (AV) conduction

block

Heartburn, 295, 2383, 2423. See also

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD);

Indigestion

Heart disease. See Cardiovascular disease

Heart failure (HF), 1930

acute, 1931

in amyloidosis, 882

approach to the patient, 1935–1937, 1936t, 1937t

in carcinoid syndrome, 670

cardiac cirrhosis in, 2628

cardiogenic shock in. See Cardiogenic shock

chronic, 1931

in CKD, 2315

clinical features of

abdomen and extremities, 1937

anemia, 1950

ascites, 323

atrial arrhythmias, 1951

cardiac, 1937

depression, 1950–1951

dyspnea, 265, 1936, 2131

edema, 276–277, 278

fatigue, 163, 1936

general appearance and vital signs, 1936–1937,

1937t

hypokalemia, 350

hyponatremia, 342, 344

hypoxia, 273

jaundice, 320

jugular venous pulse, 1937

orthopnea, 1936

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, 1936

pleural effusion, 2198

pulmonary, 1937

sleep-disordered breathing, 1950

splenomegaly, 461

vital signs, 1937

comorbidities, 1939t, 1942

costs of, 1931

definitions in, 1930–1931

diagnosis of, 1937, 1938f

biomarkers, 1939

chest radiograph, 1938

ECG, 1938

exercise testing, 1939

laboratory tests, 1937–1938

in new-onset disease, 1850–1851, 1852f, 1853f,

1859v

noninvasive imaging, 1938–1939

effect on drug concentration and response, 471

epidemiology of, 1931, 1931f, 3711

folate deficiency in, 773

functional classification of, 2033t

global considerations in, 1931, 1953, 3711

in hemochromatosis, 3233

high-output, 1935

hypertension and, 2075, 2085

in infective endocarditis, 1022, 1024

in ischemic heart disease, 2033, 2043

low-output, 1936

with mildly reduced ejection fraction, 1932

mitral regurgitation in, 1952

morbidity and mortality from, 1931, 1932t

pathophysiology of

cardiorenal and abdominal interactions, 1935

gut congestion, the microbiome, and

inflammation, 1935

high-output states, 1935

mechanisms of disease progression,

1933–1935, 1934t, 1935f

ventricular remodeling, 1933, 1933f

phenotypes and causes of, 1931–1932, 1932t,

1933t

precipitating factors, 1936, 1936t

with preserved ejection fraction, 1932, 1932t

with reduced ejection fraction, 1931–1932, 1932t

in refeeding syndrome, 2546

in rheumatic fever, 2769

STEMI and, 2062

sudden cardiac death prevention in, 1951, 1952t

INDEX

treatment of, 1940 I-97

in acute decompensated disease

clinical guiding principles, 1945

general principles, 1942–1943, 1943f

inotropic therapy, 1944–1945, 1946t

vasoactive therapy, 1944, 1946t

volume management, 1943–1944, 1946t

cardiac resynchronization therapy, 1951

cardiac transplantation. See Cardiac

transplantation

cellular and gene-based, 1952

CIED, 156t, 1951

comorbidity management, 1950–1951

global considerations in, 1953

precision medicine in, 33

with preserved ejection fraction, 1941–1942,

1942f

racial/ethnic disparities in, 60

with reduced ejection fraction, 1945, 1946f

ACEI and ARBs, 1947

anticoagulants and antiplatelets, 1950

anticytokine agents, 1949–1950

calcium channel antagonists, 1949

cardiac contractility modulation, 1951

digoxin, 1949

diuretics, 1949

enhanced external counterpulsation, 1950

exercise, 1950

fish oil, 1950

heart rate modification, 1948

micronutrients, 1950

mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists,

1947

myosin activation, 1949

novel neurohormonal antagonists,

1947–1948

SGLT-2 inhibitors, 1948–1949

soluble guanylyl cyclase stimulation, 1949

statins, 1950

vagal nerve stimulation, 1951

vasodilators, 1947

supportive care, 1952–1953

surgical, 1951–1952

tricuspid regurgitation and, 2002

Heartland virus, 1625t

HeartMate II, 1976–1977, 1976f

HeartMate 3, 1976–1977, 1976f

Heart murmurs

in aortic regurgitation, 279, 279f, 285, 1821f,

1822, 1988

in aortic stenosis, 279, 279f, 280–281, 285, 1821,

1821f, 1981

approach to the patient, 278, 286f, 1798–1799,

1798f

in atrial septal defect, 279, 281, 284, 1820

auscultation of, 284–285, 284f, 285f, 1821–1822,

1821f

benign, 1822

character of, 278–279

clinical context of, 285

continuous, 278, 279f, 280t, 284, 284f, 1822

diastolic, 278, 279f, 280t, 283–284, 283f,

1822

duration of, 278–279

dynamic evaluation of, 283f, 284–285, 1823,

1823t

echocardiography in, 285–286, 1799

etiology of, 280t

in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 1821, 1970

in infective endocarditis, 1024, 1024t

intensity of, 279, 279f, 1823, 1823t

location and radiation of, 279, 279f

in mitral regurgitation, 279f, 1821, 1821f,

1996–1997

in mitral stenosis, 279, 279f, 283–284, 283f,

1821f, 1822, 1992

in mitral valve prolapse, 280, 281, 281f, 285,

1822, 1822f, 2000

in patent ductus arteriosus, 279f, 1822

in prosthetic valves, 1823

in pulmonic regurgitation, 283, 1822, 2005

in pulmonic stenosis, 279f, 281, 282f, 1822

splitting in, 284, 285f

systolic, 279–282, 279f, 280t, 281f, 283f

in tricuspid regurgitation, 2003

in tricuspid stenosis, 279f, 1822, 2002

in ventricular septal defect, 279f, 280, 1822

Heart rate

deep breathing and, 3431, 3432t

intrinsic, 1873, 1875

in pregnancy, 3762

resting, 1873

in shock, 2218t, 2238

during sleep, 207

Valsalva maneuver and, 3431, 3432t

HEART score, 107f

Heart sounds. See also Heart murmurs

in aortic regurgitation, 1988

in aortic stenosis, 1981

diastolic, 1820–1821

in heart failure, 1937

in ischemic heart disease, 2034

in mitral regurgitation, 1996–1997

in mitral stenosis, 1992

in mitral valve prolapse, 2000

in myxoma, 284, 2026

normal, 1819–1820, 1821f

in pericardial disease, 1823

in prosthetic valves, 1823

in pulmonary hypertension, 2122

second, splitting of, 284, 284f, 285f, 1820,

1821f

in STEMI, 2054

systolic, 1820

in tricuspid regurgitation, 2003

in tricuspid stenosis, 2002

Heart transplantation. See Cardiac transplantation

Heartworm, 1783

Heat cramps, 3636

Heat edema, 3635–3636

Heat exhaustion, 3636–3637

Heat-labile enterotoxin, E. coli, 1061

Heat loss, 130, 3631

Heat production, 130

Heat-related illness, 3635

climate change and, 3729

cooling strategies for, 3636–3637

differential diagnosis of, 130, 3635,

3636t

heat cramps, 3636

heat exhaustion, 3636–3637

heatstroke, 103, 3637, 3637t

minor syndromes of, 3635–3636

prognosis of, 3638

renal disease and, 3729, 3730f

resuscitation in, 3638

risk factors for, 3635, 3636t

Heat sensitivity, in MS, 3463, 3474

Heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1), 3848

Heat shock protein, 2696t

Heat shock response, 3848, 3848f

Heat-stable enterotoxin, E. coli, 1061

Heatstroke, 103, 3637, 3637t

Heat syncope, 3636

Heat waves, 1001

Heavy chain diseases, 877

Heavy metal pigmentation, 260t, 391

Heavy metal poisoning, 2281, 2363, 3579. See also

specific metals

Heberden’s nodes, 2855f

Hedgehog pathway, 419, 505t, 553, 586

Heel

bursitis of, 2878

plantar fasciitis of, 2880

Heel-knee-shin maneuver, 3281

Heinz bodies

after splenectomy, 463

in G6PD deficiency, 784

laboratory identification of, 425, 429f

in splenomegaly, 460

unstable hemoglobin variants and, 765

HELEX septal occluder, A11

Helicobacter cinaedi infection, 1091, 1302, 1303t

Helicobacter fennelliae infection, 1091, 1302, 1303t

Helicobacter pylori

antibiotic resistance in, 1167, 2446–2447

characteristics of, 1279, 2438

establishment of infection, 949, 949t, 951

evasion of immune system by, 955

prevalence of, 2438

Helicobacter pylori infections

breath odor in, 262

clinical features of, 1280–1281, 1281f

diagnosis of, 296, 1281–1282, 1281t, 2442, 2443t

epidemiology of, 1279, 2438

gastric cancer and, 629–630, 1281, 2457

gastritis and, 1281, 2456, 2457f

host factors in, 2439, 2439f

immune thrombocytopenic purpura and, 906

indigestion and, 295

MALT lymphoma and, 634, 841, 842t, 849,

1280

natural history of, 2440, 2440f

pathophysiology of, 1279–1280, 1280f,

2438–2439, 2439f

in peptic ulcer disease, 2438

bacterial factors in, 2439f

diagnosis of, 2442, 2443t

epidemiology of, 1280f, 1281, 2438

host factors in, 2439f

mechanisms of, 2438–2439, 2439f

natural history of, 2440, 2440f

pathophysiology of, 2438–2439

recurrent bleeding in, 311

in polycythemia vera, 804

prevention of, 1284

protective role of, 1281

treatment of

adverse effects of, 1283, 2446

antibiotic resistance in, 1283, 2446

approach to, 1282–1283, 1283f, 2446–2447,

2448f

failure in, 1284, 2446–2447

first-line regimens, 2447t

in gastric lymphoma, 634

indications for, 2446

investigational approaches to, 2447

quadruple therapy, 2447

regimens, 296, 1283–1284, 1283t, 2446–2447

reinfection after, 2447

salvage regimens, 2447, 2448t

test-and-treat approach, 296, 2446

triple therapy, 2446–2447

Heliotrope rash, 405, 405f, 2820

Heller myotomy, for achalasia, 2427–2428

HELLP syndrome, 2367, 2579, 3763, 3767

INDEX

I-98 Helminths/helminthic infections, 1696, 1768–1769

cestodes. See Cestodes/cestode infections

nematodes. See Nematodes/nematode infections

by organ system and signs/symptoms,

1699–1700t

trematodes. See Trematodes/trematode

infections

Helper T cells. See CD4+ T cells

Hemagglutinin, filamentous, 1257, 1260

Hemagglutinin inhibition (HAI) antibodies, 1517

Hemangioblastoma, 673, 674t, 725t

Hemangioendothelioma, 714

Hemangioma

bone, 714

cardiac, 2027

cerebellar, 439

cherry, 396, A5

of liver, 657, 725

of small intestine, 636

Hemangiopericytoma, 706, 722t, 725

Hemarthrosis, 453, 912, 913, 2871–2872

Hematemesis, 270, 292, 311. See also

Gastrointestinal bleeding

Hematin, 3244

Hematochezia, 311, 2419, 2423f. See also

Gastrointestinal bleeding

Hematocrit

age-related changes in, 433t

elevated, 432, 438, 455

normal values, 386, 433t

in pregnancy, 433t

Hematologic disease

in cirrhosis, 2633

fatigue in, 163

paraneoplastic, 725, 725t

in pregnancy, 3766

in rheumatoid arthritis, 2753

in SLE, 2743, 2743t

Hematoma

epidural, 3449, 3457, 3457f, A16

in hemophilia, 912, 913

muscle, spontaneous, 453

spinal epidural, 3449

subdural. See Subdural hematoma

Hematomyelia, 3449

Hematopoiesis, 428f, 431, 431f, 460, 770

Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), 897

for ALL, 833, 902, 902t

allogenic, 538, 897, 898t, 1137

for AML, 815, 816, 902, 902t

for amyloidosis, 881

for aplastic anemia, 796–797, 898, 901, 902t

for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases,

2701

autologous, 538, 897–898, 1137

for β thalassemia, 763

bone marrow collection for, 898–899

categories of, 897–898

for chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, 861

for chronic neutrophilic leukemia, 859

for CLL, 840, 902, 902t

for CML, 825–826, 826t, 902, 902t

complications of

early direct chemoradiotoxicities, 899, 899f

graft failure, 900

graft-versus-host disease. See Graft-versushost disease (GVHD)

hemorrhagic cystitis, 577

immune-mediated hemolysis, 894

infections, 1137

bacterial, 1137–1138

CMV, 1488t, 1489

fungal, 1138

global considerations in, 1140–1141

parasitic, 1138

prophylaxis for, 817, 901t

risks of, by type of transplant, 1137t

sources and timing of, 899f, 901, 1138t

viral, 1138–1140, 1139t, 1481

infertility, 741

late, 898–899

microangiopathic kidney injury, 2365–2366,

2366t

neuropathy, 3492

cord blood, 898, 1137

diffuse alveolar hemorrhage following, 270

engraftment and immune reconstitution, 899

for follicular lymphoma, 848

for hemoglobinopathies, 901–902

for Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 854, 902t, 903

for hyper-IgM syndrome, 2716

immunization in recipient, 1146–1147, 1147t

for immunodeficiency disorders, 901

jaundice following, 320

for juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, 861

for mantle cell lymphoma, 850

microbiome and, 3697

for MS, 3474

for mucopolysaccharidoses, 3259–3260

for multiple myeloma, 873–874, 902t, 903

for myelodysplasia, 801, 902–903, 902t

for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 902t, 903

for nonmalignant diseases, 902

for osteopetrosis, 3213

for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, 790

peripheral blood stem cells for, 898

for peripheral T-cell lymphoma, 850

for phagocyte disorders, 450

posttransplant relapse, 903

preparative regimens, 898

for primary myelofibrosis, 807

procedure for, 898–899

for pyruvate kinase deficiency, 782

for SCID, 898, 901, 902t, 2714

for sickle cell disease, 761, 898, 901

for SLE, 2748

survival rates following, 902t

for systemic sclerosis, 2784

for testicular cancer, 903

for thalassemia, 898, 901, 902t

vaccinations and, 557t

Hematopoietic differentiation, 746f

Hematopoietic growth factor (type 1) receptor,

2688

Hematopoietic stem cells, 431, 743

cell division in, 744

in circulation, 744

developmental biology of, 744

differentiation of, 745, 746f

excess capacity of, 745

features of, in HCT, 897. See also Hematopoietic

cell transplantation (HCT)

functions of, 744, 744f

microenvironment of, 744–745

mobility of, 744

quiescence of, 745

self-renewal of, 745–747, 746f

in tumor angiogenesis, 523f, 524f

Hematopoietins, 2687

Hematuria, 337

approach to the patient, 335f

benign familial, 2347

in bladder cancer, 677

in bleeding disorders, 453

differential diagnosis of, 2283–2284

in glomerular disease, 337, 2334, 2335–2336t, A4

gross, 337

in hemophilia, 912

isolated, 337

in lower urinary tract syndromes, 2283–2284

microscopic, 337

in nephrolithiasis, 2370

in parasitic infections, 1700t

in polycystic kidney disease, 2351

in renal cell carcinoma, 674

synpharyngitic, 2280

Heme

biosynthesis of

enzymes and genes in, 3239t, 3241f

pathway for, 3238f, 3241–3242, 3241f

regulation of, 3239t, 3241–3242

transferrin in, 748

characteristics of, 422

Heme albumin, 3244

Heme arginate, 3244

Heme oxygenase, 315

Hemianopia, 218, 219f

Hemiballismus, 3406

Hemichorea, A16

Hemicrania continua, 114t, 3368

Hemidesmosomal protein, 2696t

Hemifacial spasm, 3440, 3463, V3

Hemilaminectomy, 127

Hemin, 3244

Hemiparesis, 165, 166–167, 167f

Hemiplegia, 185

Hemipteran bite, 3615

Hemispatial neglect, 199–200, 200f

Hemispherectomy, 3321

Hemizygous, 3649

Hemobilia, 2650–2651

Hemoccult test. See Fecal occult blood

Hemochromatosis, 3230

classification of, 3230, 3230t

clinical features of, 3233, 3668

arthropathy, 2848, 2871, 3233

cardiac, 1851, 1882, 1965, 3233

cutaneous, 391, 1816, 3233

diabetes mellitus, 3233

hepatic, 2549, 2628, 3233

hypogonadism, 3016, 3233

diagnosis of

CMR, 1851, 1859v

endomyocardial biopsy, 1965, 1965f

laboratory tests, 2550t, 3233–3234, 3233t

liver biopsy, 3234, A13

early interventions for, 3667t, 3668

environmental factors in, 3651

in females vs. males, 3651

hepatocellular carcinoma and, 643,

A13

hereditary

clinical features of, 2628

diagnosis of, 2628

gene mutations in, 3230, 3230t, 3232

genetic testing for, 2549, 3667t

screening for, 3234f

pathophysiology of, 3232, 3232f

precirrhotic (early), 3230

prevalence of, 3231

prognosis of, 3235

screening for, 3234, 3234f

secondary. See Iron overload

treatment of, 1965, 3234

V. vulnificus infection in, 1310

Yersinia septicemia and, 1327

INDEX

Hemodialysis I-99

access for

arteriovenous grafts and fistulas, 2322,

2377–2379, 2377f

catheters, 2377

complications of, 2378

history of, 2377

physical examination in, 2377–2378, 2379v

physiology and pathophysiology of, 2377

preservation of, 2379

for AKI, 2308

bullous dermatosis of, 392

for CKD, 2320, 2322f

in diabetes mellitus, 3124

for drug- and toxin-induced acidosis, 363, S1

for Fabry disease, 3258

folate deficiency in, 773

for hypercalcemia, 357, 723, 3184t, 3185

for hyperkalemia, 355

for hypermagnesemia, 3166

oxalosis in, 2867

pericarditis in, 2023

for poisoning/drug overdose, 3589, 3590t, 3591t

for pulmonary edema, 2255

for rewarming, 3633, 3633t

Hemodynamic assessment

calculation and normal values, 1861t, 2254t

in cardiac catheterization, 1861

in cardiac tamponade, 1863t

normal waveforms, 1862f

in pericarditis, 1863t

in restrictive cardiomyopathy, 1863t

in shock, 2254t

in STEMI, 2062, 2254t

in valvular heart disease, 1861, 1862f

Hemoglobin (Hb), 755

age-related changes in, 433t

developmental biology of, 755

disorders of

diagnosis of, 756–757

hemoglobinopathies. See Hemoglobinopathies

hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin,

755t, 756, 757t, 762t

thalassemias. See Thalassemia syndromes

elevated, 273, 438

functions of, 755–756

globin gene clusters, 755, 755f

globin gene switching, 756

high O2

 affinity, 765, 765t

iron content of, 748t

iron metabolism and, 748

low O2

 affinity, 765, 765t

in microcytic anemia, 751t

normal, 432, 433t

in pregnancy, 433t

reduced, in cyanosis, 274

structure of, 755

testosterone therapy and, 3024

Hemoglobin A (HbA), 755, 757t

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), 755, 3104t, 3106–3107

Hemoglobin A2

 (HbA2

), 755, 757t, 762, 762t

Hemoglobin Bart’s hydrops fetalis, 763–764, 764t

Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOC),

792

Hemoglobin C, 757t, 759f, 764, 765t

Hemoglobin E, 764, 765t

Hemoglobinemia, A6

Hemoglobin F (HbF), 755

Hemoglobin Hasharon, 765

Hemoglobin H disease, 764, 764t

Hemoglobin Köln, 765

Hemoglobin Lepore, 762t

Hemoglobinopathies

acquired, 765

arthropathies associated with, 2872–2873, 2872t

HCT for, 901

with hemoglobins with altered oxygen affinity,

765, 765t

with M hemoglobins, 764–765, 765t

in pregnancy, 3766

red cell indices in, 438

with unstable hemoglobins, 765, 765t

Hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve, 273, 386,

755–756, 756f

Hemoglobin S, 757, 757t, 758f. See also Sickle

cell disease

Hemoglobin SC disease, 757t

Hemoglobinuria

after transfusion, 891t

march, 785, 786t

paroxysmal cold, 786t, 787

paroxysmal nocturnal. See Paroxysmal nocturnal

hemoglobinuria

Hemoglobin Zurich, 765

Hemojuvelin, 3231, 3231f, 3232

Hemolysis

compensated, 777–778

extravascular, 787, 788f

hyperbilirubinemia and, 2558

intravascular, 786t, 787, A6

transfusion-related, 888, 891, 892f, 893–894, 893f

Hemolytic anemia, 776

acquired, 776t, 785, 786t

immune, 786, 787t

autoimmune hemolytic anemia. See

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

cold agglutinin disease, 787–788

paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria, 787, 787t

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. See

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

in infections, 785, 786t

from mechanical destruction of red cells, 785

microangiopathic. See Microangiopathic

hemolytic anemia

from toxic agents and drugs, 787t, 788

in alcohol-associated liver disease, 2626

in babesiosis, 1738

bone marrow examination in, A6

chronic nonspherocytic, 782

clinical features of, 386, 438, 776–777, 776t

vs. compensated hemolysis, 777–778

congenital Heinz body, 765

diagnosis of, 438, 776–777, 776t

differential diagnosis of, 438

drug-induced, 472, 473

folate deficiency in, 773

in G6PD deficiency, 477t, 478

inherited, 776t

with cation transport disorders, 779t

channelopathies, 780–781

with enzyme abnormalities, 781–782, 781t

familial hemolytic-uremic syndrome, 785

G6PD deficiency. See Glucose-6-phosphate

dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency

hereditary elliptocytosis, 779t, 780, 780f

hereditary spherocytosis. See Hereditary

spherocytosis

pyrimidine-5’-nucleotidase (P5N) deficiency,

781t, 3253t

pyruvate kinase deficiency, 316, 777f,

781–782, 781t, 782f

with red cell membrane-cytoskeleton

abnormalities, 776f, 778–779, 779t

pathophysiology of, 777–778, 777f

in thalassemia, 762

Hemolytic streptococcal gangrene. See Necrotizing

fasciitis

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)

after infectious diarrhea, 1064t, 2364–2365

AKI in, 335, 2303t, A4

atypical (familial), 785, 908, 2304, 2332

in cancer, 575

clinical features of, 140t, 2364–2365

acute nephritic syndrome, 335

chemotherapy-related, 575

encephalopathy, 2274t

jaundice, 317

rash, 144

in Shigella infections, 1300

diagnosis of, 2304

E. coli infections and, 301, 1266t, 1268,

2364–2365

etiology of, 140t, 301

familial (atypical), 2364–2365

genetic considerations in, 2348

not associated with diarrhea, 908

pathogenesis of, 575, 908, 1801, 2348, 2364–2365

renal biopsy in, 2348, A4

Shigella infections and, 1300, 1301, 2364

in SLE, 2748

vs. thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, 907,

2365

treatment of, 575, 908, 2348, 2365

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), 141,

2717–2718, S8

Hemophagocytic syndromes, 850, 851, 858,

865–866

Hemophilia, 912

arthropathy in, 2871–2872

autosomal, 909. See also von Willebrand disease

bleeding in, 453

carriers of, 914

clinical features of, 912

complications of, 913

diagnosis of, 911t

genetic considerations in, 911t, 912

late clinical problems in, 914

pathogenesis of, 912

treatment of, 911t, 912–914, 3688

Hemophilia A, 912, 3651, 3667t, 3685. See also

Hemophilia

Hemophilia B, 912, 3667t. See also Hemophilia

Hemophilia C (factor XI deficiency), 914–915

Hemoptysis, 270

anatomy and physiology of, 270

in Aspergillus pulmonary infection, 561

in cancer, 571–572

etiology of, 270–271

evaluation of, 271, 271f

global considerations in, 270

in lung cancer, 598, 598t

massive, 271

in mitral stenosis, 1992

in pulmonary embolism, 105

in respiratory disease, 2131

in TB, 1364

treatment of, 271–272

Hemorrhage

anemia of, 791–792

epidural spinal, 3351

gastrointestinal. See Gastrointestinal bleeding

hypovolemia in, 341

intracranial. See Intracranial hemorrhage

postpartum, 453

splinter, 1816

subconjunctival, 219

INDEX

I-100 Hemorrhagic cystitis, 577

Hemorrhagic fever, viral. See Viral hemorrhagic

fevers

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome,

1642–1643

Hemorrhagic telangiectasia, hereditary. See OslerWeber-Rendu syndrome

Hemorrhagic thrombocythemia. See Essential

thrombocytosis (ET)

Hemorrhoidal cushions, 2503

Hemorrhoidal disease, 307, 2423f, 2503, 2503t,

3620

Hemorrhoidectomy, 2503t, 2504

Hemosiderin, 376, 436

Hemostasis, 450

antithrombotic mechanisms, 451–452

antithrombotic mechanisms in, 452f

disorders of, 451–453, 453t, 456t. See also specific

disorders

endothelium in, 1801

fibrin clot formation in, 451, 451f

fibrinolytic system in, 451f, 452

platelet plug formation in, 450–451

tests of, 911, 911f

Hemostatic sealants, 919

Hemosuccus pancreaticus, 312

Hemothorax, 2199

Henbane, 3591t

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, 359

Henderson-Patterson bodies, 1493

Hendra virus, 1514

Hennekam’s syndrome, 2118

Henoch-Schönlein. See IgA vasculitis

Hensin, 2294

Hepadnaviruses, 1454t, 1456f. See also Hepatitis B

virus (HBV)

Heparan proteoglycans, 451

Heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans, 1801

Heparin, 929

actions of, 929, 929f

for acute limb ischemia, 2111

adverse effects of

alopecia, 384

bleeding, 930

osteoporosis/osteopenia, 931, 2847t

skin necrosis, 410

thrombocytopenia. See Heparin-induced

thrombocytopenia

transaminase elevation, 931

in cardiac catheterization, 1860

coagulation test abnormalities and, 456

for DIC, 917

dosage of, 930

drug interactions of, 472, 540t

for DVT/PE, 2098, 2099t, 3766

for frostbite, 3634

for IC/BPS, 330

limitations of, 930, 930t

vs. low-molecular-weight heparin, 931t. See also

Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH)

management of

before endoscopic procedures, 2904t

before lumbar puncture, S9

treatment monitoring, 930

measurement of activity of, 456

for NSTE-ACS, 2050t, 2051

in PCI, 2066

pharmacology of, 929–930, 930t

for STEMI, 2061

for thrombophlebitis, 727

for VTE prophylaxis, 2100t

Heparin-binding proteins, 929–930

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

clinical features of, 930–931, 930t

delayed onset, 906

diagnosis of, 906, 931

pathogenesis of, 472

skin manifestations of, 398

time course of, 906, 906f

treatment of, 906, 931

Hepatic adenoma, 657

Hepatic artery embolization, 670, 2986

Hepatic encephalopathy. See Encephalopathy,

hepatic

Hepatic flukes. See Liver flukes

Hepatic hydrothorax, 324, 2198

Hepatic lipase deficiency, 3139t, 3143

Hepatic necrosis, 472, 2584, 2587t. See also

Hepatitis, fulminant

Hepatic steatosis. See Fatty liver disease

Hepatic vein thrombosis. See Budd-Chiari

syndrome

Hepatitis

acute viral, 2562

vs. autoimmune hepatitis, 2614

clinical features of, 318, 2571t, 2574–2575

complications and sequelae of, 2577–2579

diagnosis of

algorithm for, 2577, 2577t

liver biopsy, A13

liver function tests, 318, 2556t, 2575

serologic tests, 2575–2576

differential diagnosis of, 1486t, 2579

etiology of. See specific hepatitis viruses

extrahepatic manifestations of, 2570

HIV infection and, 1570–1571

in military forces, S6

niacin-associated, 2527

in older adults, 2579

pathogenesis of, 2568–2569

pathology of, 2570

prognosis of, 2577

prophylaxis for, 2580

risk factors for, 2548

treatment of, 2579–2580

alcohol-associated, 238, 238t, 318, 2617, 2625–

2626. See also Alcohol-associated liver

disease

aplastic anemia and, 794

autoimmune, 2613

cirrhosis due to, 2626

clinical features of, 318, 2615–2616

definition of, 2613

diagnosis of, 2550t, 2592t, 2615, A13

differential diagnosis of, 2615

immunopathogenesis of, 2614, 2696t

prognosis of, 2613

treatment of, 2615–2616

chronic, 2578, 2591. See also Hepatitis B virus

(HBV) infection, chronic; Hepatitis C

virus (HCV) infection, chronic

classification of, 2591–2592, 2592t

grading of, 2592, 2593t

laboratory evaluation of, 2592t

staging of, 2592, 2593t

coagulation disorders in, 917–918

differential diagnosis of, 2579

drug-induced. See Liver disease/failure,

drug-induced

fibrosing cholestatic, 319, 2569, 2640

fulminant, 2578, 2580

HSV, 1475

inflammatory mediators in, 2699t

ischemic, 320

jaundice in, 318

neuropathy in, 3491

physical examination in, 318

toxic, 2584, 2586t. See also Liver disease/failure,

drug-induced

transfusion-associated, 2573

in transplant recipient, 1145

tumor markers in, 487t

Hepatitis A virus (HAV), 2562, 2563f, 2564t

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection

cholestatic, 2577–2578

clinical features of, 2563f, 2571t, 2574–2575, S6

complications and sequelae of, 2577–2578

diagnosis of, 2550t, 2562, 2563f, 2575, 2577t, S6

epidemiology of, 2570–2571, 2571t

etiology of. See Hepatitis A virus (HAV)

global considerations in, 2570–2571

incidence pre- and postvaccine, U.S., 981t

incubation period for, S6

in military forces, S6

pathogenesis of, 2569–2570

postexposure prophylaxis for, 2580

preexposure prophylaxis for. See Hepatitis A

virus (HAV) vaccine

recurrent, after liver transplantation, 2640

relapsing, 2577–2578

risk factors for, 2548

serology in, 2575

transmission of, 2570–2571

treatment of, 2579–2580

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccine

precautions for, 986t

recommended administration of

in adults, 984f, 2580–2581, 2581t

in cancer patients, 557t

in children, 2580–2581, 2581t

in HIV infection, 1564t

in international travelers, 992, 992t, 2580

in liver disease, 2553, 2581

in transplant recipients, 1146, 1147t

Hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg), 2563, 2564t

Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), 2563, 2564t

Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG), 1127,

2581–2582

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), 2563, 2564t

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)

extrahepatic sites of, 2566

genomic structure of, 2562, 2564f

molecular variants of, 2566

proteins and particles of, 2563–2565, 2564f,

2564t

serologic and viral markers of, 2565–2566, 2565f

structure of, 1454t

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection

acute

clinical features of, 2571t, 2574–2575, S6

cholestasis, 319

erythema nodosum, 397

polyarteritis nodosa, 2810

rash, 139t, 143

serum sickness–like, 1044

time course of, 2565f

urticarial vasculitis, 394

diagnosis of, 2575

algorithm for, 2577, 2577t

laboratory tests in, 2550t

quantitative nucleic acid test in, S11

serology in, 2575–2576, 2576t, 2577t, S6

epidemiology of, 2571–2572, 2571t

escape mutants in, 2566

etiology of. See Hepatitis B virus (HBV)

extrahepatic manifestations of, 2570, 2578

INDEX

fulminant, 2578 I-101

genotypes in, 2563

global considerations in, 2572

in health care workers, 1595

hepatocellular carcinoma and, 643–644, 644f,

645

immunotolerant vs. immunoreactive, 2569

incidence of, 981t, 1079

incubation period for, S6

in military forces, S6

pathogenesis of, 2568–2569

pathology of, 2570

perinatal transmission of, 2569, 2572, 3767

prevention of, 1595, S6. See also Hepatitis B

virus (HBV) vaccine

prognosis of, 2577

risk factors for, 2548, 2572t

screening for, 1093, 2572, 2572t, 3767

transfusion-transmitted, 896, 896t

transmission of, 2571–2572, 2571t

treatment of, 2571t, 2579–2580

chronic, 2592

after kidney transplantation, 2331

after liver transplantation, 1145, 2602

clinical features of, 2594, 2626

complications and sequelae of, 2578–2579

diagnosis of, 2592t, 2594, A13

HBeAg-negative, 2593–2594, 2596, 2600t

HBeAg-reactive, 2593, 2600t

HDV infection with, 2572, 2578, 2602–2603

histology of, 2592

HIV infection and, 1570–1571, 2591, 2602

infectivity of, 2566

nonreplicative phase, 2593

prognosis of, 2592

renal involvement in, 2336t, 2349

replicative phase of, 2593

serology and virologic markers of, 2565–2566,

2565f

treatment of, 1464–1466, 2594

adefovir, 1465t, 1466, 2595t, 2596–2597,

2599f

during cancer treatment, 2602

combination therapy, 2599

entecavir, 1465t, 1466, 2595t, 2598, 2599f

interferons, 1465t, 1466–1467, 2594–2595

lamivudine, 1465t, 1466, 2595–2596, 2595t,

2599f

liver transplantation, 2634

novel antivirals and strategies, 2599–2600

in patients with cirrhosis, 2601

PEG IFN, 2595t, 2597–2598, 2599f, 2601,

2601t

recommendations for, 2600–2602, 2600t,

2601t

telbivudine, 1465t, 1466, 2595t, 2598, 2599f

tenofovir, 1465t, 1466, 2595t, 2598–2599,

2599f

recurrent, after liver transplantation, 2634, 2640

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccines

adverse effects of, 2847t

comparison of, 2581, 2582t

contraindications to, 986t

effectiveness of, 2572, 2582

liver cancer risk and, 493, 645

for postexposure prophylaxis, 1127, 2582

recommended administration of

in adults, 984f, 1093, 2581–2582, 2582t

in cancer patients, 557t

in hemodialysis patients, 2582, 2582t

in HIV infection, 984f, 1564t

in infants and children, 2581–2582, 2582t

in international travelers, 992–993, 992t

in liver disease, 2553

in transplant recipients, 1146, 1147t

Hepatitis B x antigen (HBxAg), 2564, 2564f

Hepatitis C virus (HCV), 2564t, 2567–2568, 2567f

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection

acute

clinical features of, 2571t, 2574–2575, S6

diagnosis of, 2550t, 2568f, 2576–2577, 2577t,

S6, S10, S11

epidemiology of, 2571t, 2573–2574

extrahepatic manifestations of, 2570

genetic considerations in, 2569

global features of, 2573–2574

incubation period for, S6

in military forces, S6

pathogenesis of, 2569

pathology of, 2570

prevention of, 2582–2583

prognosis of, 2577

risk factors for, 2548, 2574t

screening for, 39t, 2573–2574, 2574t, 3767, S10

transfusion-associated, 896, 896t, 2573, 2582

transmission of, 2571t, 2573–2574

treatment of, 2571t, 2579–2580, 2612, S6

chronic, 2603

alcohol-associated liver disease and, 3559

aminotransferase activity in, 2604

clinical features of, 2604

arthritis, 1044

cardiomyopathy, 1961

cholestasis, 319

cirrhosis, 2603–2604, 2626

cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, 2604, 2613,

2814

depression, 3547

lichen planus, 379, 383

osteosclerosis, 3214

porphyria cutanea tarda, 422

urticarial vasculitis, 394

complications and sequelae of, 2578–2579

diagnosis of, 2592t, 2604, A13

epidemiology of, 2603–2604

in hemophiliacs, 914

hepatocellular carcinoma and, 643–644, 644f,

645

HIV infection and, 1570–1571, 2591

inflammasome mutations in, 2677t

KIRs with, 2687t

liver disease progression in, 2603–2604

lymphoid malignancies and, 841, 842t, 849

prognosis of, 2604

renal involvement in, 2336t, 2349

in transplant recipient, 1145

treatment of, 2604

after liver transplantation, 2613, 2634,

2640–2641

after relapse or nonresponse, 2612

combination therapy, 1467, 1468t,

2607–2612, 2608–2609t

daclatasvir, 1468t, 2609–2610

direct-acting antiviral combination therapy,

2640–2641

elbasvir/grazoprevir, 1468t, 1469, 2610

genotypes and, 2605, 2608–2609t, 2612

glecaprevir/pibrentasvir, 1468t, 1469, 2611,

2612

in HIV infection, 2610, 2613

IFN-based, 2605–2606, 2605f

paritaprevir/ritonavir/ombitasvir +

dasabuvir, 1468t, 2609

in patients with cirrhosis, 2612–2613

in patients with essential mixed

cryoglobulinemia, 2613

in patients with renal failure, 2613

in persons who inject drugs, 2613

in pregnancy, 2613

protease inhibitors, 2606–2610, 2608–2609t

recommendations for, 2608–2609t, 2612

in renal failure, 2610

ribavirin, 1468t, 1469–1470

selection of regimen for, 2613

simeprevir, 1468t, 1469, 2607

sofosbuvir, 1467–1469, 1468t

sofosbuvir/daclatasvir, 1468–1469,

2609–2610

sofosbuvir/ledipasvir, 1467, 1468t, 2607,

2609

sofosbuvir/velpatasvir, 1467–1468, 1468t,

2610–2611, 2612

sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir, 1468,

1468t, 2611

kidney transplantation in, 2325

recurrent, after liver transplantation, 2634, 2638,

2640–2641

Hepatitis D virus (HDV), 2563f, 2564t, 2566–2567

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection

chronic, 2578, 2592t, 2602–2603

clinical features of, 2571t, 2574–2575

complications and sequelae of, 2578

diagnosis of, 2550t, 2577

epidemiology of, 2571t, 2572–2573

etiology of. See Hepatitis D virus (HDV)

global considerations in, 2572–2573

HBV infection with, 2567, 2572, 2578,

2602–2603

pathology of, 2570

prevention of, 2582

prognosis of, 2577

transmission of, 2571t, 2572–2573

treatment of, 1467, 2579–2580, 2603

Hepatitis E virus (HEV), 1456, 2563f, 2564t, 2568

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection

clinical features of, 2571t, 2574–2575, S6

diagnosis of, 2550t, S6

epidemiology of, 2548, 2571t, 2574, S6

etiology of. See Hepatitis E virus (HEV)

fulminant, 2580

global considerations in, 2574

incubation period for, S6

pathogenesis of, 2569–2570

pathology of, 2570

prevention of, 2583

prognosis of, 2577

risk factors for, 2548

transfusion-transmitted, 896, 896t

transmission of, 2571t, 2574

treatment of, 2579–2580

in war veterans, S6

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) vaccine, 2583

Hepatitis G virus (GB virus C) infection, 1571

Hepatoblastoma, 656

Hepatocellular adenoma, 657

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 643

clinical features of, 295

deaths from, 481t, 483f, 484t, 643, 644f

diagnosis of, 646–647, 646f, 2550t, A13

epidemiology of, 643, 644f

etiology of, 509

fibrolamellar, 656

global considerations in, 643–644, 644f

in hemophilia, 914

hepatitis and, 491t, 505, 644, 645, 2579, 2611

immunopathology of, 2696t, 2697t

INDEX

I-102 Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (Cont.):

incidence of, 481t, 482, 482f, 484t, 643, 644f

molecular pathogenesis of, 644–645, 645t, 654f

NALFD and, 2621

natural history of, 647f

paraneoplastic syndromes in, 722t

prevention of, 645

recurrent, 650

risk factors for, 643–644, 3245

screening for, 645–646

staging of, 648–649, 648f

treatment of, 647, 647f

algorithm for, 648–649, 648f

liver transplantation, 650, 2634–2635

loco-regional, 650–651

summary of key results, 649t

surgical, 649–650

systemic, 651–653, 651t, 652f

tumor markers in, 487t

Hepatocellular diseases, 2547, 2547t. See also Liver

disease/failure

Hepatocyte growth factor/c-Met pathway, 520f

Hepatocytes, 2547

Hepatojugular reflux, 1937

Hepatomegaly

abdominal swelling with, 321

in Gaucher disease, 3258

in heart failure, 1937

in hemochromatosis, 3233

in liver disease, 2549

in lysosomal storage diseases, 3254

in parasitic infections, 1699t

in schistosomiasis, 1787

Hepatopulmonary syndrome, 266, 2549, 2633

Hepatorenal syndrome, 2285f, 2297, 2306–2307,

2632

Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma, 844t, 851, 858,

2485

Hepcidin, 437, 749, 3231, 3231f, 3232

Hephaestin, 749

Heptavalent botulinum antitoxin (HBAT), S3

HER2 gene mutations

in breast cancer, 500, 613t, 618, 620

in carcinoma of unknown primary, 716

in esophageal cancer, 629

in gastric adenocarcinoma, 631, 633

in lung cancer, 596f, 597t

HER2/neu

in breast cancer, 520, 537, 541, 546t

drug response and, 477t

Herbal medicines/supplements

causing increased bleeding, 454, 454t

drug interactions of, 472, 3787, 3787t

nephrotoxicity of, 2301, 2362

regulation of, 3786–3787

toxicity of, 2590–2591, 3787t

Herd immunity, 14, 981

Hereditary angioedema (HAE), 2723

Hereditary coproporphyria (HCP)

clinical features of, 3238t, 3245, 3487

diagnosis of, 3238t, 3240t, 3245

genetic considerations in, 3487

pathophysiology of, 3238f, 3487

treatment of, 3245, 3487

Hereditary elliptocytosis, 428f, 780, 780f

Hereditary endotheliopathy, retinopathy,

nephropathy, and stroke (HERNS),

3344

Hereditary hemochromatosis. See

Hemochromatosis, hereditary

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. See OslerWeber-Rendu syndrome

Hereditary hypertension with hyperkalemia. See

Pseudohypoaldosteronism type II

Hereditary nephritis, 337

Hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy (HNA), 3485t,

3486

Hereditary neuropathy(ies). See Peripheral

neuropathy, hereditary

Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure

palsies (HNPP), 3484t, 3486, 3647

Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer. See Lynch

syndrome

Hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin

(HPFH), 755t, 756, 757t, 762t

Hereditary recurrent fever syndromes

clinical features of, 2841t

familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome, 2843

familial Mediterranean fever. See Familial

Mediterranean fever

genetic considerations in, 2841t

hyperimmunoglobulinemia D with periodic

fever syndrome, 2843

Muckle-Wells syndrome, 448, 2841t, 2843

neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory

disease, 2843

treatment of, 2841t

tumor necrosis factor-α receptor-associated

periodic syndrome, 132, 151, 448,

2842–2843

Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy

(HSAN), 3434, 3485t, 3486

Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), 3413–3414t,

3416, 3454

Hereditary spherocytosis

anemia in, 438

clinical features of, 779

diagnosis of, 779

epidemiology of, 778

folate deficiency in, 773

genetic considerations in, 779, 779t, 780f

hemolytic anemia in, 438

jaundice in, 316, 461

peripheral blood smear in, 425, 427f, 780f

splenomegaly in, 461

treatment of, 779–780

Hereditary stomatocytosis, 428f, 779t, 780f

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, 908, 2197, 2472t,

2718, S8

Hermaphroditism. See Ovotesticular disorders of

sexual development

Hernia(s), 2425, 2425f, A12

Herniation, cerebral, 184, 184f

HERNS (hereditary endotheliopathy, retinopathy,

nephropathy, and stroke), 3344

Heroin, 3531t, 3569, 3570. See also Substance use

disorders

Herpangina, 258t, 1605

Herpes gestationis (pemphigoid gestationis), 401t,

403, 2696t

Herpes gladiatorum, 1035, 1474

Herpes labialis, 258t, 372f, 1035, 1460–1461, 1461t

Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

acyclovir resistance in, 1477

genome of, 1470–1471

host response to, 1471–1472

laboratory identification of, 1476

ligand-receptor interactions of, 1471

reactivation mechanisms of, 1471

structure of, 1470

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections, 1470

actinomycosis and, 1341

anorectal, 1091, 1474, 2479

“asymptomatic,” 1472

in cancer patient, 560, 564

diagnosis of, 373, 1476–1477

disseminated

clinical features of, 138t, 143, 292, 300

in immunosuppressed patients, 1471–1472,

1475

rash in, 138t

treatment of, 1477, 1478t

encephalitis

clinical features of, 1474, 3406

complications of, 1475

diagnosis of, 1095–1096, 1096f, 1096t,

1475f

differential diagnosis of, 1096–1097

genetic considerations in, 1474

vs. meningitis, 1103, 1474–1475

MRI in, 3287f

pathogenesis of, 1474

treatment of, 1461t, 1474–1475, 1477, 1478t

epidemiology of, 1472–1473

genital, 370t

clinical features of, 1090, 1090f, 1091t,

1473–1474, 1473f

diagnosis of, 1090

epidemiology of, 1079, 1089, 1472–1473

lymphadenopathy in, 458

in pregnancy, 3767

prophylaxis for, 1460–1462, 1461t, 1477

recurrence rates of, 1474

treatment of, 1039t, 1460–1462, 1461t, 1477,

1478t

global considerations in, 1472

herpes gladiatorum, 1035, 1474

herpetic whitlow, 1474, 1478t, 1576

in HIV infection

perirectal, 1570, 1570f, 1575–1576

prophylaxis for, 1565t

treatment of, 1477, 1478t, 1576

in immunocompromised patients, 1471–1472,

1478t

inflammasome mutations in, 2677t

keratitis, 220, 1461t, 1462, 1474, 1478t

latent, 1471

meningitis, 1107, 1114t, 1474–1475

neonatal, 1475–1476, 1478t, 1479, 3767

oral-facial

clinical features of, 258t, 1473, 1511

course of, 258t

pathogenesis of, 1035, 1473

treatment of, 1461, 1461t, 1478t, 1513

pathogenesis of, 1471

in pregnancy, 1476, 3767

prevention of, 1479

reactivation of, 1471

skin manifestations of

distribution, 370t, 372f

erythema multiforme, 413

morphology, 370t

vesicles/bullae, 138t, 143, 258t, 392, 1035

in transplant recipient, 2275

clinical features of, 1139t, 1143

prophylaxis for, 901, 901t, 1138

timing of, 1138t

treatment of, 1477–1478, 1478t

upper respiratory tract, 1511

visceral, 1475

esophagitis, 1475, 1478t, 2415f, 2432

liver, 1475

pharyngitis, 1473

pneumonitis, 1475

Herpesvirus(es), 1454t, 1456, 1456f, 1511, S11. See

also specific viruses