Michael J. Landzberg, MD

Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston Adult

Congenital Heart Disease and Pulmonary Hypertension Program,

Boston Children’s Hospital, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston,

Massachusetts [269]

H. Clifford Lane, MD

Clinical Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,

National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland [202, S3]

Helene M. Langevin, MD

Director, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health,

National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland [482]

Carol A. Langford, MD, MHS

Harold C. Schott Endowed Chair; Director, Center for Vasculitis Care and

Research, Department of Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Cleveland

‡ Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio [363, 366, 374, 375, A14] Deceased

CONTRIBUTORS

Regina C. LaRocque, MD, MPH xxix

Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts

General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts [133]

Leslie P. Lawley, MD

Associate Professor, Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine,

Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia [57]

Thomas J. Lawley, MD

William Patterson Timmie Professor of Dermatology, Former Dean,

Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia [56, 59, A5]

David G. Le Couteur, MD, PhD

Professor of Geriatric Medicine, University of Sydney; Senior Staff

Geriatrician, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia [476]

Sancy A. Leachman, MD, PhD

John D. Gray Endowed Chair in Melanoma Research; Professor & Chair,

Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Center for

Health & Healing, Portland, Oregon [76]

William M. Lee, MD

Professor of Internal Medicine; Meredith Mosle Chair in Liver Diseases,

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas,

Texas [340]

Charles Lei, MD

Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt

University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee [460]

Jane A. Leopold, MD

Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Director, Women’s

Interventional Cardiology Health Initiative, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,

Boston, Massachusetts [242, A11]

Jessica Leung, MPH

Epidemiologist, Viral Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of

Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases,

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia [207]

Nelson Leung, MD

Professor of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of

Hematology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota [317]

Jonathan S. Leventhal, MD

Assistant Professor of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine,

New Haven, Connecticut [58]

Bruce D. Levy, MD

Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Pulmonary and Critical Care

Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts [284, 301]

Julia B. Lewis, MD

Professor of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt

University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee [314]

Peter Libby, MD

Mallinckrodt Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Brigham and

Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts [A10]

Richard W. Light, MD, FCCP‡

Professor of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care

Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee

[294, 295]

Jin-Mann S. Lin, PhD

Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for

Zoonotic and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and

Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia [450]

Jeffrey A. Linder, MD, MPH, FACP

Michael A. Gertz Professor of Medicine and Chief, Division of General

Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Northwestern

University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois [35]

Robert Lindsay, MD, PhD

Professor of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia

University, New York, New York; Chief, Internal Medicine; Attending

Physician, Helen Hayes Hospital, West Haverstraw, New York [411]

Michail S. Lionakis, MD, ScD

Chief, Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology &

Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,

National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland [211, 216]

Marc E. Lippman, MD, MACP, FRCP

Professor of Oncology and Internal Medicine, Georgetown University,

Washington, DC [79]

Peter E. Lipsky, MD

Charlottesville, Virginia [355]

Irene Litvan, MD, MSc, FAAN, FANA

Tasch Endowed Professor in Parkinson Disease Research; Director of the

Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center,

University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California [434]

Eva S. Liu, MD

Assistant Professor of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard

Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts [409]

Kathleen D. Liu, MD, PhD, MAS

Professor, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Division

of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of

California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California [312]

Josep M. Llovet, MD, PhD

Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Tisch Cancer Institute,

Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,

New York; Liver Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Barcelona

Clínic Liver Cancer Group (BCLC), Liver Unit, IDIBAPS-Hospital Clínic,

CIBERehd, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institució Catalana de

Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain [82]

Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, MD, ScM, FACC, FAHA

Eileen M. Foell Professor of Heart Research; Professor of Preventive

Medicine, Medicine, and Pediatrics; Chair, Department of Preventive

Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; President,

American Heart Association 2021–22, Chicago, Illinois [2]

Bernard Lo, MD

Professor of Medicine Emeritus and Director Emeritus of the Program

in Medical Ethics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco,

California; President Emeritus, The Greenwall Foundation, New York,

New York [11]

George Loewenstein, PhD

Herbert A. Simon Professor of Economics and Psychology, Carnegie Mellon

University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania [481]

Dan L. Longo, MD

Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Senior Physician, Brigham

and Women’s Hospital; Deputy Editor, New England Journal of Medicine,

Boston, Massachusetts [1, 5, 62, 63, 66, 69, 72, 73, 93, 95, 96, 101, 108–111,

201, A6]

Nicola Longo, MD, PhD

Professor and Chief, Division of Medical Genetics, Departments of

Pediatrics, Pathology, Nutrition, and Integrated Physiology; Medical

Co-Director, Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, ARUP Laboratories,

University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah [420, 421]

Lenny López, MD, MPH, MDiv

Professor of Medicine, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco

VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California [10]

Joseph Loscalzo, MD, PhD

Hersey Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine, Harvard Medical

School; Chairman, Department of Medicine, Soma Weiss MD Distinguished

Chair in Medicine, Physician-in-Chief, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,

Boston, Massachusetts [1, 5, 40–43, 117, 236, 237, 239, 259, 261–268, 270,

273, 275, 280–283, 486, 492] ‡

Deceased

CONTRIBUTORS xxx Daniel H. Lowenstein, MD

Dr. Robert B. and Mrs. Ellinor Aird Professor of Neurology; Executive Vice

Chancellor and Provost, University of California, San Francisco,

San Francisco, California [422, 425, V6]

Elyse E. Lower, MD

Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology,

University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio [367]

Franklin D. Lowy, MD

Clyde ’56 and Helen Wu Professor Emeritus of Medicine and Professor

Emeritus of Pathology and Cell Biology (in Epidemiology), Columbia

University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York [147]

Sheila A. Lukehart, PhD

Professor of Medicine, Division of Allergy & Infectious Diseases and Global

Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington [182, 183]

Carolina Lúquez, PhD

Team Lead, National Botulism and Enteric Toxins Team, Enteric Diseases

Laboratory Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental

Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases,

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia [153]

Lucio Luzzatto, MD, FRCP, FRCPath

Professor of Haematology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied

Sciences, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania; Honorary Professor of Hematology,

University of Florence, Firenze, Italy [100]

Calum A. MacRae, MD, PhD

Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Vice Chair for Scientific

Innovation, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,

Boston, Massachusetts [237]

Lawrence C. Madoff, MD

Professor of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School,

Worcester, Massachusetts; Medical Director, Bureau of Infectious Disease and

Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Hinton

State Laboratory Institute, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts [130, 141]

Barry J. Make, MD

Co-Director, COPD Program; Professor, Department of Medicine, Division

of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health,

University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado [292]

Mahmoud Malas, MD, MHS, RPVI, FACS

Professor in Residence; Vice Chair of Surgery for Clinical Research;

Chief Division Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of California,

San Diego, Health System, La Jolla, California [329]

Fransiska Malfait, MD, PhD

Associate Professor, Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital

and Department for Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent,

Belgium [413]

Hari R. Mallidi, MD

Associate Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Brigham and

Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts [298]

Susan J. Mandel, MD, MPH

Professor of Medicine; Chief, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and

Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania [382–385]

Brian F. Mandell, MD, PhD

Professor and Chairman of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of

Medicine, Department of Rheumatic and Immunologic Disease, Cleveland

Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio [374]

Lionel A. Mandell, MD, FRCPC

Professor Emeritus of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario,

Canada [126]

Geoffrey T. Manley, MD, PhD

Professor and Vice Chairman of Neurological Surgery, University of

California, San Francisco; Chief of Neurosurgery, Zuckerberg San Francisco

General Hospital and Trauma Center; Co-Director, Brain and Spinal Injury

Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco,

California [443]

Arjun K. Manrai, PhD

Assistant Professor, Harvard Medical School; Computational Health

Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston,

Massachusetts [488]

JoAnn E. Manson, MD, DrPH

Professor of Medicine and the Michael and Lee Bell Professor of Women’s

Health, Harvard Medical School; Chief, Division of Preventive Medicine,

Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts [395]

Joan C. Marini, MD, PhD

Senior Investigator; Head, Section on Heritable Disorders of Bone and

Extracellular Matrix, National Institute of Child Health and Human

Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,

Maryland [413]

Daniel B. Mark, MD, MPH

Professor of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center; Director, Outcomes

Research, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina [4]

Mariel Marlow, PhD, MPH

Mumps Program Lead, Viral Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division

of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory

Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia [207]

Alexander G. Marneros, MD, PhD

Associate Professor, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School;

Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital,

Boston, Massachusetts [61]

Bradley A. Maron, MD

Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Associate

Physician, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts [283]

Jeanne M. Marrazzo, MD, MPH

Professor of Medicine; Director, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of

Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama [136]

Gary J. Martin, MD

Raymond J. Langenbach, MD Professor of Medicine; Senior Vice Chairman,

Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago,

Illinois [6]

Anthony F. Massaro, MD

Instructor, Harvard Medical School; Director, Medical Intensive Care Unit,

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,

Boston, Massachusetts [300, 303]

Henry Masur, MD

Chief, Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health

Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland [220]

Max Maurin, MD, PhD

Professor of Bacteriology, Université Grenoble Alpes; Centre Hospitalier

Universitaire, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, Grenoble, France [170]

Marcela V. Maus, MD, PhD

Director, Cell Therapy Program; Paula O’Keefe Endowed Chair,

Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center; Associate Professor of

Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Attending Physician, Hematopoietic

Cell Transplant & Cell Therapy Program, Massachusetts General Hospital;

Associate Member, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Associate Member,

Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Charlestown,

Massachusetts [470]

Clio P. Mavragani, MD

Rheumatologist, Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, National

and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece [357, 361]

Robert J. Mayer, MD

Faculty Vice President for Academic Affairs, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute;

Stephen B. Kay Family Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School,

Boston, Massachusetts [81]

Jared R. Mayers, MD, PhD

Research Fellow in Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Brigham and

Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts [489]